{"id":55434,"date":"2019-05-16T10:20:48","date_gmt":"2019-05-16T08:20:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nzp.de\/?p=55434"},"modified":"2026-08-07T10:26:04","modified_gmt":"2026-08-07T08:26:04","slug":"refusal-to-cooperate-with-the-liquidator-may-give-rise-to-the-unlimited-liability-of-a-hungarian-managing-director-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.nzp.de\/de\/refusal-to-cooperate-with-the-liquidator-may-give-rise-to-the-unlimited-liability-of-a-hungarian-managing-director-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Die Verweigerung der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Insolvenzverwalter kann zur unbeschr\u00e4nkten Haftung eines ungarischen Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrers f\u00fchren"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>In Ungarn ist die Haftung von F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4ften juristischer Personen ein immer wiederkehrendes Thema in der Rechtspraxis. In der Vergangenheit waren die Gerichte in dieser Hinsicht nicht immer einheitlich. Vor kurzem hat unsere Kanzlei jedoch ein Urteil von grundlegender Bedeutung erwirkt, in dem festgestellt wurde, dass ein Gericht die unbeschr\u00e4nkte Haftung eines Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrers nicht unter Berufung auf allgemeine Rechtsgrunds\u00e4tze oder die allgemeinen Regeln des Schadensersatzrechts feststellen darf, sondern nur in F\u00e4llen der Durchgriffshaftung, die gesetzlich ausdr\u00fccklich zugelassen sind.<\/p>\n<p>Eine solche ausdr\u00fcckliche Bestimmung ist in \u00a7 33\/A des ungarischen Insolvenzgesetzes enthalten. Nach dieser Bestimmung k\u00f6nnen F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte, wie beispielsweise Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrer oder Vorstandsmitglieder, haftbar gemacht werden, wenn sie in den drei Jahren vor dem Beginn der Liquidation und nach dem Eintreten einer die Zahlungsunf\u00e4higkeit bedrohenden Situation ihre F\u00fchrungsaufgaben nicht unter geb\u00fchrender Ber\u00fccksichtigung der Gl\u00e4ubigerinteressen wahrgenommen haben und in urs\u00e4chlichem Zusammenhang damit das Verm\u00f6gen des Wirtschaftssubjekts geschrumpft ist oder die vollst\u00e4ndige Befriedigung der Gl\u00e4ubigerforderungen aus einem anderen Grund gef\u00e4hrdet ist.<\/p>\n<p>Was bedeutet das in der Praxis?<br \/>\nIn Ungarn besteht \u2013 anders als beispielsweise in Deutschland \u2013 grunds\u00e4tzlich keine absolute Verpflichtung, einen Insolvenzantrag zu stellen. Stellt ein Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrer jedoch eine Situation fest, die eine Insolvenz droht, gibt es zwei M\u00f6glichkeiten, eine sp\u00e4tere zivilrechtliche Haftung zu vermeiden: Entweder meldet das Unternehmen Insolvenz an, oder der Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrer handelt als Quasi-Insolvenzverwalter und r\u00e4umt den Interessen der Gl\u00e4ubiger Vorrang vor allgemeinen gesch\u00e4ftlichen Priorit\u00e4ten ein.<\/p>\n<p>In \u00a7 33\/A Abs. 5 des Insolvenzgesetzes sind verschiedene widerlegbare Vermutungen hinsichtlich der Haftung eines leitenden Angestellten f\u00fcr den Fall festgelegt, dass dieser im Rahmen eines nachfolgenden Insolvenzverfahrens nicht mit dem Insolvenzverwalter zusammenarbeitet.<br \/>\nIn einem Fall, den unsere Kanzlei k\u00fcrzlich gewonnen hat, entschied das Gericht, dass, wenn der klagende Gl\u00e4ubiger nicht nur geltend macht, dass w\u00e4hrend der Amtszeit des Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrers eine insolvenzbedrohende Situation vorlag, sondern auch, dass Umst\u00e4nde vorlagen, auf deren Grundlage das Gericht andernfalls eine tats\u00e4chliche Insolvenz gem\u00e4\u00df \u00a7 27 Abs. 2 des Insolvenzgesetzes feststellen w\u00fcrde, hat der ehemalige Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrer keine echte M\u00f6glichkeit nachzuweisen, dass keine insolvenzbedrohende Situation vorlag und er daher weder verpflichtet war, einen Insolvenzantrag zu stellen, noch das Unternehmen im Interesse der Gl\u00e4ubiger weiterzuf\u00fchren. Folglich kann das Gericht die unbeschr\u00e4nkte Haftung des ehemaligen Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrers \u2013 im vorliegenden Fall des Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrers einer Gesellschaft mit beschr\u00e4nkter Haftung \u2013 ohne weitere Pr\u00fcfung feststellen. Letztendlich kann daher ein Vollstreckungsverfahren gegen das Privatverm\u00f6gen des ehemaligen Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrers eingeleitet werden, selbst wenn das Verm\u00f6gen der in Liquidation befindlichen Gesellschaft ansonsten nicht ausreichen w\u00fcrde, um die Forderungen der Gl\u00e4ubiger zu befriedigen.<\/p>\n<p>Es ist daher nicht zutreffend, dass es \u2013 wie oft f\u00e4lschlicherweise angenommen wird \u2013 in Ungarn unm\u00f6glich oder nahezu unm\u00f6glich ist, einen Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrer pers\u00f6nlich haftbar zu machen. Eine Durchgriffshaftung ist m\u00f6glich, wenn der richtige Verfahrensweg eingeschlagen wird. Unserer Ansicht nach liegt das Problem darin, dass sich die betroffenen Parteien oft nicht an den richtigen Fachmann wenden, der dann versucht, die Anspr\u00fcche im falschen Verfahrensweg durchzusetzen.<\/p>\n<p>Sind Sie ebenfalls in einen Rechtsstreit gegen einen ehemaligen Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrer verwickelt? Dann k\u00f6nnen Sie sich gerne an uns wenden.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In Hungary, holding executive officers of legal entities liable is a recurring issue in legal practice. In the past, the courts were not always consistent in this respect. Recently, however, our firm obtained a decision of fundamental importance, which established that a court may find an executive officer to have unlimited liability not by relying [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":29,"featured_media":55439,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[139],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-55434","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news-en"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.0.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"In Hungary, holding executive officers of legal entities liable is a recurring issue in legal practice. In the past, the courts were not always consistent in this respect. 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