{"id":55273,"date":"2021-09-22T13:48:51","date_gmt":"2021-09-22T11:48:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nzp.de\/?p=55273"},"modified":"2026-08-05T13:54:45","modified_gmt":"2026-08-05T11:54:45","slug":"as-a-hungarian-employee-in-germany-does-hungarian-or-german-labour-law-apply-to-hungarian-employees-working-in-germany-what-should-employees-and-employers-pay-attention-to-in-this-situation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.nzp.de\/es\/as-a-hungarian-employee-in-germany-does-hungarian-or-german-labour-law-apply-to-hungarian-employees-working-in-germany-what-should-employees-and-employers-pay-attention-to-in-this-situation\/","title":{"rendered":"Como trabajador h\u00fangaro en Alemania: \u00bfse aplica la legislaci\u00f3n laboral h\u00fangara o la alemana a los trabajadores h\u00fangaros que trabajan en Alemania? \u00bfA qu\u00e9 deben prestar atenci\u00f3n los trabajadores y los empresarios en esta situaci\u00f3n?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Diversidad de disposiciones legales aplicables<\/p>\n<p>La respuesta a las preguntas planteadas en el t\u00edtulo no puede resumirse en una sola frase breve. El complejo sistema de la legislaci\u00f3n laboral h\u00fangara, alemana y europea da lugar a un marco jur\u00eddico laboral de tres niveles cuando un trabajador con nacionalidad h\u00fangara elige Alemania como lugar de trabajo. En este art\u00edculo, nuestro objetivo es ofrecer orientaci\u00f3n a los lectores que busquen claridad jur\u00eddica en este denso panorama legal, explicando la situaci\u00f3n jur\u00eddica aplicable, que se analiza en detalle a continuaci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n<p>Disposiciones legales alemanas aplicables<\/p>\n<p>En primer lugar, nos gustar\u00eda llamar la atenci\u00f3n del lector sobre el hecho de que la expresi\u00f3n \u201cdisposiciones legales alemanas\u201d no se refiere a un C\u00f3digo Laboral alem\u00e1n, ya que en Alemania no existe tal c\u00f3digo. Por razones hist\u00f3ricas, el Derecho laboral alem\u00e1n est\u00e1 fragmentado: la parte pertinente del ordenamiento jur\u00eddico no se ha codificado en un \u00fanico c\u00f3digo uniforme, a diferencia del C\u00f3digo Laboral h\u00fangaro. La base de la normativa alemana la constituyen diversas leyes de derecho laboral, as\u00ed como el C\u00f3digo Civil alem\u00e1n.<\/p>\n<p>\u00bfPor qu\u00e9 deben respetarse las disposiciones legales alemanas de obligado cumplimiento aunque el contrato de trabajo prevea la aplicaci\u00f3n de la legislaci\u00f3n h\u00fangara?<\/p>\n<p>Si un ciudadano h\u00fangaro desempe\u00f1a su trabajo en Alemania, deben respetarse las normas imperativas de la legislaci\u00f3n laboral alemana, adem\u00e1s de la legislaci\u00f3n h\u00fangara aplicable, ya que el trabajador de una empresa registrada en Hungr\u00eda desempe\u00f1ar\u00e1 sus funciones laborales en Alemania. Esto significa que se aplican determinadas normas alemanas incluso si las partes han acordado lo contrario en el contrato.<\/p>\n<p>A la luz del Reglamento (CE) n.\u00ba 593\/2008 del Parlamento Europeo y del Consejo, de 17 de junio de 2008, relativo a la ley aplicable a las obligaciones contractuales, es decir, el art\u00edculo 8, apartados 1 y 2, de \u00abRoma I\u00bb, no es admisible apartarse de las normas imperativas de la legislaci\u00f3n del lugar de trabajo (Alemania). Esta disposici\u00f3n establece asimismo la primac\u00eda del Derecho laboral alem\u00e1n como expresi\u00f3n del principio de lex loci laboris, ya que, cuando las partes no han elegido la ley aplicable a la relaci\u00f3n laboral, el contrato se rige por la ley del pa\u00eds en el que el trabajador realiza habitualmente su trabajo. Esto es coherente con el art\u00edculo 3, apartado 2, del C\u00f3digo Laboral h\u00fangaro, que solo se aplicar\u00eda si no se hubiera elegido ninguna ley y el lugar de trabajo fuera Hungr\u00eda.<\/p>\n<p>\u00bfPuede el empresario reservar expresamente en el contrato la aplicaci\u00f3n de la legislaci\u00f3n laboral h\u00fangara, excluyendo la legislaci\u00f3n laboral alemana, con el fin de eludir las normas imperativas alemanas m\u00e1s favorables?<\/p>\n<p>En este contexto, cabe se\u00f1alar en primer lugar que las partes pueden optar v\u00e1lidamente por la legislaci\u00f3n laboral alemana o h\u00fangara en el contrato de trabajo. Sin embargo, esta elecci\u00f3n no debe perjudicar los intereses del trabajador, es decir, las disposiciones imperativas de la legislaci\u00f3n laboral del pa\u00eds en el que se realiza el trabajo \u2014en este caso, Alemania\u2014. \u00bfQu\u00e9 significa esto en la pr\u00e1ctica? Si las partes se reservan expresamente la aplicaci\u00f3n de la legislaci\u00f3n h\u00fangara, el art\u00edculo 8 del Reglamento Roma I no permite la derogaci\u00f3n de las normas imperativas alemanas. El motivo radica en la voluntad del legislador de garantizar el cumplimiento de las garant\u00edas legales que corresponden a los trabajadores. Si tanto la legislaci\u00f3n h\u00fangara como la alemana contienen normas imperativas sobre una cuesti\u00f3n concreta, prevalecer\u00e1 la disposici\u00f3n que ofrezca un mayor nivel de protecci\u00f3n. Por consiguiente, es posible optar expresamente por el Derecho laboral h\u00fangaro en el contrato en cuesti\u00f3n, pero, no obstante, se aplicar\u00e1n las normas imperativas alemanas.<\/p>\n<p>\u00bfEn qu\u00e9 pa\u00eds puede un empleado demandar a su empresa?<\/p>\n<p>El Reglamento (UE) n.\u00ba 1215\/2012 del Parlamento Europeo y del Consejo, de 12 de diciembre de 2012, establece foros especiales para interponer acciones cuando, desde el punto de vista del trabajador, el empresario haya infringido las disposiciones legales que le son aplicables. Los art\u00edculos 20 a 23 de este Reglamento establecen normas favorables a los trabajadores al garantizarles foros ventajosos para interponer demandas. Se trata de las denominadas normas de competencia asim\u00e9trica, que describen las opciones favorables de que dispone el trabajador a la hora de interponer una demanda contra el empresario. En el contexto h\u00fangaro-alem\u00e1n, esto significa que, en caso de un posible litigio, el trabajador puede optar por interponer una demanda bien en Alemania, bien en Hungr\u00eda, independientemente del pa\u00eds del que proceda o del pa\u00eds en el que se encuentre actualmente con fines laborales legales. Esta libertad de elecci\u00f3n del foro no puede excluirse v\u00e1lidamente en el contrato de trabajo.<\/p>\n<p>Resumen<\/p>\n<p>Como ya se ha se\u00f1alado en la introducci\u00f3n, esta cuesti\u00f3n se regula en tres niveles, por lo que es necesario comprender el marco jur\u00eddico laboral pertinente de Hungr\u00eda, Alemania y la Uni\u00f3n Europea. A la luz de este r\u00e9gimen tan diferenciado, recomendamos consultar a profesionales del derecho tanto por parte del empresario como del trabajador. Esto puede ayudar a resolver la situaci\u00f3n con rapidez y sin costes excesivos, ya que un posible conflicto laboral puede evitarse mediante un contrato de trabajo redactado adecuadamente. Por lo tanto, queda claro que una relaci\u00f3n laboral bien regulada es deseable para ambas partes. No dude en ponerse en contacto con nosotros si necesita ayuda para preparar dichos acuerdos o, en caso necesario, para resolver conflictos.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Variety of Applicable Legal Provisions The answer to the questions raised in the title cannot be summarised in a single short sentence. The complex system of Hungarian, German and European labour law creates a three-tier labour-law framework when an employee with Hungarian citizenship chooses Germany as their place of work. 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