{"id":55499,"date":"2018-03-14T11:46:52","date_gmt":"2018-03-14T10:46:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nzp.de\/?p=55499"},"modified":"2026-08-07T12:00:05","modified_gmt":"2026-08-07T10:00:05","slug":"federal-court-of-justice-damages-may-be-awarded-even-where-a-foreign-currency-loan-is-valid","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.nzp.de\/es\/el-tribunal-federal-de-justicia-puede-conceder-una-indemnizacion-por-danos-y-perjuicios-incluso-cuando-un-prestamo-en-moneda-extranjera-sea-valido\/","title":{"rendered":"Tribunal Federal de Justicia: Se pueden conceder indemnizaciones por da\u00f1os y perjuicios incluso cuando un pr\u00e9stamo en moneda extranjera sea v\u00e1lido"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>El Tribunal Federal de Justicia de Alemania (<em>Tribunal Federal de Justicia<\/em> \u2013 El Tribunal Federal de Justicia (BGH) ha publicado recientemente los fundamentos escritos de su sentencia de fecha <strong>9 de diciembre de 2017<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<div>\n<p>Seg\u00fan la sentencia, un tribunal debe examinar en cualquier caso una reclamaci\u00f3n por da\u00f1os y perjuicios presentada por un prestatario endeudado en moneda extranjera, incluso cuando el propio contrato de pr\u00e9stamo subyacente se haya celebrado de forma v\u00e1lida. Antes de la celebraci\u00f3n de un contrato de pr\u00e9stamo, se establece necesariamente una relaci\u00f3n de asesoramiento entre el banco y el consumidor. Si el banco incumple las obligaciones que le incumben en el marco de dicha relaci\u00f3n de asesoramiento, por ejemplo, al facilitar informaci\u00f3n insuficiente sobre los riesgos que conlleva, puede verse obligado a indemnizar al consumidor por los da\u00f1os y perjuicios resultantes.<\/p>\n<h2>La esencia del caso<\/h2>\n<p>Un municipio de Renania del Norte-Westfalia refinanci\u00f3 su deuda existente mediante un pr\u00e9stamo denominado en francos suizos.<\/p>\n<p>Tras la importante apreciaci\u00f3n del franco suizo, surgi\u00f3 una controversia sobre si el banco hab\u00eda explicado adecuadamente los riesgos pertinentes y las alternativas disponibles para mitigarlos o gestionarlos. El ayuntamiento aleg\u00f3 que, aunque las posibles deficiencias en la informaci\u00f3n facilitada por el banco no fueran suficientes para invalidar el contrato de pr\u00e9stamo, deb\u00eda tener derecho, no obstante, a presentar una reclamaci\u00f3n por da\u00f1os y perjuicios contra el banco.<\/p>\n<p>La demanda del ayuntamiento fue desestimada tanto por el Tribunal Regional (<em>Tribunal Regional de Primera Instancia<\/em>) y por el Tribunal Regional Superior (<em>Tribunal Superior Regional<\/em>). Sin embargo, finalmente, el Tribunal Federal de Justicia (BGH) devolvi\u00f3 el asunto a los tribunales inferiores para que volvieran a examinar el importe de la indemnizaci\u00f3n por da\u00f1os y perjuicios que podr\u00eda corresponder.<\/p>\n<p>Un consumidor h\u00fangaro podr\u00eda plantearse inmediatamente la siguiente pregunta: al contratar un pr\u00e9stamo en moneda extranjera en Hungr\u00eda, \u00bfpor qu\u00e9 no se facilit\u00f3 a los prestatarios informaci\u00f3n igualmente detallada sobre los riesgos que ello conllevaba y sobre los medios disponibles para evitarlos o mitigarlos?<\/p>\n<p>Los tribunales de primera instancia consideraron que la informaci\u00f3n facilitada por el banco era suficiente tanto para demostrar la validez del contrato como para eximir al banco de la responsabilidad por da\u00f1os y perjuicios.<\/p>\n<p>El Tribunal Federal Supremo (BGH), sin embargo, no comparti\u00f3 esa conclusi\u00f3n. En su opini\u00f3n, un pr\u00e9stamo en moneda extranjera no es una operaci\u00f3n ordinaria.<\/p>\n<p>El propio Tribunal Federal Supremo de Alemania (BGH) reconoci\u00f3 que la informaci\u00f3n facilitada en este caso, que era considerablemente m\u00e1s detallada que los avisos est\u00e1ndar sobre riesgos que se utilizan habitualmente en Hungr\u00eda, era suficiente para garantizar que el contrato se hubiera celebrado de forma v\u00e1lida.<\/p>\n<h2>No obstante, el consumidor puede reclamar una indemnizaci\u00f3n por da\u00f1os y perjuicios<\/h2>\n<p>A pesar de la validez del acuerdo, el Tribunal Federal Supremo alem\u00e1n (BGH) consider\u00f3 que el consumidor a\u00fan pod\u00eda tener derecho a una indemnizaci\u00f3n por da\u00f1os y perjuicios.<\/p>\n<p>El Tribunal consider\u00f3 que no se hab\u00eda celebrado ning\u00fan contrato de asesoramiento en materia de inversiones entre las partes. Por consiguiente, las normas espec\u00edficamente aplicables al asesoramiento en materia de inversiones no eran directamente aplicables.<\/p>\n<p>Sin embargo, antes de formalizar un contrato de pr\u00e9stamo por escrito, un <strong>relaci\u00f3n de asesoramiento financiero<\/strong> se establece necesariamente entre el banco y el posible prestatario. En el marco de esa relaci\u00f3n de asesoramiento, la informaci\u00f3n que se facilita al consumidor est\u00e1 sujeta a un criterio m\u00e1s estricto que el que se aplica a la hora de determinar si un contrato es v\u00e1lido o inv\u00e1lido.<\/p>\n<p>Por consiguiente, el cumplimiento de los requisitos de validez contractual no implica autom\u00e1ticamente que el banco haya cumplido con todas sus obligaciones de asesoramiento.<\/p>\n<h2>\u00bfQu\u00e9 hay que examinar?<\/h2>\n<p>El Tribunal Federal de Justicia (BGH) dictamin\u00f3 que, en el nuevo procedimiento, el tribunal de primera instancia debe determinar la cuant\u00eda exacta de los da\u00f1os y perjuicios sufridos por el consumidor como consecuencia de que el banco no le recomendara medidas de protecci\u00f3n adecuadas contra el riesgo de tipo de cambio.<\/p>\n<p>En otras palabras, la cuesti\u00f3n fundamental no es si el contrato era v\u00e1lido, sino si el prestatario sufri\u00f3 p\u00e9rdidas adicionales que podr\u00edan haberse evitado si el banco le hubiera proporcionado un asesoramiento adecuado y soluciones apropiadas para la gesti\u00f3n de riesgos.<\/p>\n<h2>Importancia para Hungr\u00eda<\/h2>\n<p>Dado que el marco jur\u00eddico europeo pertinente es sustancialmente el mismo tanto en Alemania como en Hungr\u00eda, y dado que los principios de derecho civil subyacentes son, en l\u00edneas generales, similares, la fundamentaci\u00f3n de la sentencia tambi\u00e9n podr\u00eda ser relevante en el contexto jur\u00eddico h\u00fangaro.<\/p>\n<h2>Posibles consecuencias para la jurisprudencia h\u00fangara<\/h2>\n<p>El caso podr\u00eda respaldar las siguientes conclusiones:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>La condici\u00f3n de consumidor podr\u00eda reconocerse no solo a los particulares, sino tambi\u00e9n a las empresas y otras organizaciones.<\/li>\n<li>Un prestatario puede presentar una demanda por da\u00f1os y perjuicios contra un banco, incluso cuando el propio contrato de pr\u00e9stamo siga siendo v\u00e1lido y exigible.<\/li>\n<li>Una sentencia firme anterior que desestime una demanda de nulidad no deber\u00eda constituir necesariamente un obst\u00e1culo insuperable para una demanda posterior por da\u00f1os y perjuicios.<\/li>\n<li>Las reclamaciones por da\u00f1os y perjuicios pueden quedar fuera tanto del \u00e1mbito de aplicaci\u00f3n de la legislaci\u00f3n h\u00fangara sobre la liquidaci\u00f3n de pr\u00e9stamos en moneda extranjera como de las sentencias anteriores del Tribunal Supremo de Hungr\u00eda, desfavorables para los consumidores (<em>K\u00faria<\/em>).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Si tiene alguna otra pregunta o necesita asesoramiento jur\u00eddico sobre este tema, no dude en ponerse en contacto con nosotros.<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The German Federal Court of Justice (Bundesgerichtshof \u2013 BGH) recently published the written grounds of its judgment dated 9 December 2017. According to the judgment, a court must still examine a damages claim brought by a borrower indebted in a foreign currency, even where the underlying loan agreement itself was validly concluded. Before a loan [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":32,"featured_media":55503,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-55499","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.0.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The German Federal Court of Justice (Bundesgerichtshof \u2013 BGH) recently published the written grounds of its judgment dated 9 December 2017. 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BGH) recently published the written grounds of its judgment dated 9 December 2017. According to the judgment, a court must still examine a damages claim brought by a borrower indebted in a foreign currency, even where the underlying loan agreement itself was validly concluded. Before a 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