{"id":55420,"date":"2021-04-28T15:38:03","date_gmt":"2021-04-28T13:38:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nzp.de\/?p=55420"},"modified":"2026-08-06T15:45:56","modified_gmt":"2026-08-06T13:45:56","slug":"return-to-the-workplace-after-the-virus","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.nzp.de\/hun\/return-to-the-workplace-after-the-virus\/","title":{"rendered":"Visszat\u00e9r\u00e9s a munkahelyre a v\u00edrus ut\u00e1n"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Visszat\u00e9r\u00e9s a munkahelyre a j\u00e1rv\u00e1ny ut\u00e1n: K\u00e9rhet-e a munk\u00e1ltat\u00f3 a munkav\u00e1llal\u00f3kt\u00f3l immunit\u00e1si igazol\u00e1st? Ha igen, milyen adatv\u00e9delmi k\u00f6telezetts\u00e9gek vonatkoznak erre?<\/p>\n<div>\n<p>A COVID-19-j\u00e1rv\u00e1ny harmadik hull\u00e1m\u00e1t k\u00f6vet\u0151 hetekben egyre t\u00f6bb munk\u00e1ltat\u00f3 d\u00f6nt\u00f6tt \u00fagy, hogy \u00fajraind\u00edtja a szem\u00e9lyes munkav\u00e9gz\u00e9st, ami a munkav\u00e1llal\u00f3k t\u00f6meges visszat\u00e9r\u00e9s\u00e9t eredm\u00e9nyezheti kor\u00e1bbi munkahelyeikre, vagy ak\u00e1r teljesen \u00faj munkahelyekre is. A k\u00f6vetkez\u0151 cikk azokat a munkajogi \u00e9s adatv\u00e9delmi k\u00e9rd\u00e9seket vizsg\u00e1lja, amelyek a visszat\u00e9r\u00e9s sor\u00e1n felmer\u00fclhetnek.<\/p>\n<h2>Megtudhatja-e a munk\u00e1ltat\u00f3, hogy egy munkav\u00e1llal\u00f3 immunis-e? Ha igen, mi\u00e9rt?<\/h2>\n<p>A magyar Munka T\u00f6rv\u00e9nyk\u00f6nyve el\u0151\u00edrja, hogy a munk\u00e1ltat\u00f3 k\u00f6telezheti a munkav\u00e1llal\u00f3t olyan nyilatkozat megt\u00e9tel\u00e9re vagy olyan szem\u00e9lyes adatok megad\u00e1s\u00e1ra, amelyek a munkaviszony l\u00e9tes\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9hez, fenn\u00e1ll\u00e1s\u00e1hoz vagy megsz\u0171n\u00e9s\u00e9hez, illetve a munkaviszonyb\u00f3l ered\u0151 k\u00f6vetel\u00e9sek \u00e9rv\u00e9nyes\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9hez kapcsol\u00f3dnak (10. \u00a7 (1) bekezd\u00e9s).<\/p>\n<p>Mag\u00e1t\u00f3l \u00e9rtet\u0151d\u0151, hogy a fert\u0151z\u00e9ssel vagy az immunit\u00e1ssal kapcsolatos inform\u00e1ci\u00f3k relev\u00e1nsak a munkaviszony teljes\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9nek szempontj\u00e1b\u00f3l. Gondoljunk csak bele, milyen hat\u00e1ssal j\u00e1rhat a munkahely szervez\u00e9s\u00e9re az elk\u00f6vetkez\u0151 hetekben, ha egy olyan munkav\u00e1llal\u00f3n\u00e1l, aki kor\u00e1bban szoros k\u00f6zels\u00e9gben dolgozott koll\u00e9g\u00e1ival, meger\u0151s\u00edtett fert\u0151z\u00e9st \u00e1llap\u00edtanak meg. A pand\u00e9mia els\u0151 k\u00e9t hull\u00e1ma sor\u00e1n szerzett tapasztalatok alapj\u00e1n a munk\u00e1ltat\u00f3knak egy\u00e9rtelm\u0171 \u00e9rdeke f\u0171z\u0151dik az ilyen zavarok megel\u0151z\u00e9s\u00e9hez.<\/p>\n<p>Ezzel kapcsolatban a magyar munkav\u00e9delmi t\u00f6rv\u00e9ny el\u0151\u00edrja, hogy a biztons\u00e1gos \u00e9s eg\u00e9szs\u00e9ges munkak\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00e9nyek biztos\u00edt\u00e1sa \u00e9rdek\u00e9ben a munk\u00e1ltat\u00f3knak \u2013 figyelembe v\u00e9ve a v\u00e1ltoz\u00f3 k\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00e9nyeket \u2013 minden sz\u00fcks\u00e9ges int\u00e9zked\u00e9st meg kell tenni\u00fck a munkav\u00e1llal\u00f3k biztons\u00e1g\u00e1nak \u00e9s eg\u00e9szs\u00e9g\u00e9nek v\u00e9delme \u00e9rdek\u00e9ben (54. \u00a7 (7) bekezd\u00e9s).<\/p>\n<p>Az a t\u00e9ny, hogy a munkahelyre j\u00e1r\u00f3 \u00f6sszes munkav\u00e1llal\u00f3 j\u00f3v\u00e1hagyott olt\u00e1st kapott, \u00e9s ez\u00e9rt nagy val\u00f3sz\u00edn\u0171s\u00e9ggel immunit\u00e1ssal rendelkezik, indokolhatja bizonyos eg\u00e9szs\u00e9gv\u00e9delmi int\u00e9zked\u00e9sek enyh\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9t. Ennek k\u00f6vetkezt\u00e9ben a munk\u00e1ltat\u00f3knak jogos \u00e9rdeke f\u0171z\u0151dik ahhoz, hogy id\u0151szer\u0171 \u00e9s \u00e1tfog\u00f3 inform\u00e1ci\u00f3kat szerezzenek munkav\u00e1llal\u00f3ik olt\u00e1si \u00e9s immunit\u00e1si \u00e1llapot\u00e1r\u00f3l. Ez k\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00f6sen fontos, mivel lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszi a munk\u00e1ltat\u00f3k sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra, hogy hat\u00e9konyabban szervezz\u00e9k a helysz\u00edni munkav\u00e9gz\u00e9st, \u00e9s a termel\u00e9kenys\u00e9get k\u00f6zelebb hozz\u00e1k a vil\u00e1gj\u00e1rv\u00e1ny el\u0151tti szinthez.<\/p>\n<p>Ezt az \u00e9rvel\u00e9st al\u00e1t\u00e1masztja a Magyar Nemzeti Adatv\u00e9delmi \u00e9s Inform\u00e1ci\u00f3szabads\u00e1g Hat\u00f3s\u00e1g (NAIH) \u00e1ltal k\u00f6zz\u00e9tett leg\u00fajabb ir\u00e1nymutat\u00e1s (hivatkoz\u00e1si sz\u00e1m: NAIH-3903-1\/2021). A hat\u00f3s\u00e1g kifejezetten kijelenti, hogy foglalkoztat\u00e1si, munkav\u00e9delmi, munkaeg\u00e9szs\u00e9g\u00fcgyi vagy munkaer\u0151-gazd\u00e1lkod\u00e1si c\u00e9lokb\u00f3l, valamint a munkav\u00e1llal\u00f3k eg\u00e9szs\u00e9g\u00e9t \u00e9s biztons\u00e1g\u00e1t vesz\u00e9lyeztet\u0151, a munkahelyi biol\u00f3giai expoz\u00edci\u00f3ra vonatkoz\u00f3, objekt\u00edven elv\u00e9gzett kock\u00e1zat\u00e9rt\u00e9kel\u00e9s alapj\u00e1n bizonyos munkak\u00f6r\u00f6kben vagy munkav\u00e1llal\u00f3i csoportok eset\u00e9ben sz\u00fcks\u00e9ges \u00e9s ar\u00e1nyos lehet, hogy a munk\u00e1ltat\u00f3 megismerje, rendelkeznek-e a munkav\u00e1llal\u00f3k immunit\u00e1ssal a koronav\u00edrus ellen.<\/p>\n<p>A hat\u00f3s\u00e1g c\u00e9lkit\u0171z\u00e9se szorosan t\u00fckr\u00f6zi a Munka T\u00f6rv\u00e9nyk\u00f6nyv\u00e9ben megfogalmazott sz\u00e1nd\u00e9kot. A NAIH ir\u00e1nymutat\u00e1sa szerint e rendelet c\u00e9lja egyr\u00e9szt az immuniz\u00e1lt munkav\u00e1llal\u00f3, m\u00e1sr\u00e9szt a munkat\u00e1rsak, harmadr\u00e9szt pedig azok a harmadik felek v\u00e9delme, akik kapcsolatba ker\u00fclhetnek a munkav\u00e1llal\u00f3val, p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul az \u00fcgyfelek. Ezenk\u00edv\u00fcl t\u00e1mogatja a munk\u00e1ltat\u00f3kat jogi k\u00f6telezetts\u00e9geik teljes\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9ben.<\/p>\n<h2>Mire kell k\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00f6s figyelmet ford\u00edtani az eg\u00e9szs\u00e9g\u00fcgyi adatok feldolgoz\u00e1sa sor\u00e1n?<\/h2>\n<p>A NAIH hangs\u00falyozza, hogy az olt\u00e1si st\u00e1tuszra vonatkoz\u00f3 inform\u00e1ci\u00f3k a GDPR \u00e9rtelm\u00e9ben eg\u00e9szs\u00e9g\u00fcgyi adatnak min\u0151s\u00fclnek.<\/p>\n<p>Mivel a munk\u00e1ltat\u00f3k az alkalmazand\u00f3 adatv\u00e9delmi szab\u00e1lyok \u00e9rtelm\u00e9ben adatkezel\u0151nek min\u0151s\u00fclnek (a GDPR 4. cikk\u00e9nek (7) bekezd\u00e9se), felel\u0151ss\u00e9ggel tartoznak az \u00e1ltaluk v\u00e9gzett b\u00e1rmely adatkezel\u00e9s jogszer\u0171s\u00e9g\u00e9nek biztos\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1\u00e9rt. A munk\u00e1ltat\u00f3knak indokolatlan k\u00e9sedelem n\u00e9lk\u00fcl egy\u00e9rtelm\u0171en t\u00e1j\u00e9koztatniuk kell a munkav\u00e1llal\u00f3kat az adatkezel\u00e9s c\u00e9lj\u00e1r\u00f3l \u00e9s jogalapj\u00e1r\u00f3l egyar\u00e1nt.<\/p>\n<p>Az adatkezel\u00e9s c\u00e9lja \u2013 \u00f6sszhangban a fentebb ismertetett szempontokkal \u2013 viszonylag egy\u00e9rtelm\u0171: a munkahelyi biztons\u00e1g biztos\u00edt\u00e1sa \u00e9s a jogszer\u0171 munkaer\u0151-gazd\u00e1lkod\u00e1s el\u0151seg\u00edt\u00e9se. A v\u00e9dett st\u00e1tusz megszerz\u00e9s\u00e9nek fontoss\u00e1g\u00e1t \u2013 amely leggyakrabban az olt\u00e1son, nem pedig a betegs\u00e9gb\u0151l val\u00f3 fel\u00e9p\u00fcl\u00e9sen kereszt\u00fcl val\u00f3sul meg \u2013 aligha kell tov\u00e1bb magyar\u00e1zni.<\/p>\n<p>A NAIH tov\u00e1bb\u00e1 r\u00e1mutat arra, hogy az ilyen adatkezel\u00e9s kiz\u00e1r\u00f3lagos c\u00e9lja az lehet, hogy a munk\u00e1ltat\u00f3k megtehess\u00e9k a munka\u00fcgyi jogszab\u00e1lyok, a munkav\u00e9delmi \u00e9s eg\u00e9szs\u00e9gv\u00e9delmi el\u0151\u00edr\u00e1sok, valamint a szervezeti k\u00f6vetelm\u00e9nyek betart\u00e1s\u00e1hoz sz\u00fcks\u00e9ges int\u00e9zked\u00e9seket, \u00e9s ez\u00e1ltal meg\u00e1llap\u00edthass\u00e1k, hogy a munkav\u00e1llal\u00f3k rendelkeznek-e immunit\u00e1ssal a COVID-19 ellen.<\/p>\n<p>A hat\u00f3s\u00e1g azt is hangs\u00falyozza, hogy a c\u00e9lnak val\u00f3snak \u00e9s igazolhat\u00f3nak kell lennie. Ennek megfelel\u0151en, ha egy munk\u00e1ltat\u00f3 \u00fagy d\u00f6nt, hogy ilyen inform\u00e1ci\u00f3kat gy\u0171jt, akkor azokat t\u00e9nylegesen fel kell haszn\u00e1lnia a megfelel\u0151 int\u00e9zked\u00e9sek meghozatal\u00e1hoz, \u00e9s ezeket az int\u00e9zked\u00e9seket megfelel\u0151en dokument\u00e1lnia kell. Ezen fel\u00fcl a feldolgozott adatok k\u00f6r\u00e9nek a kit\u0171z\u00f6tt c\u00e9l el\u00e9r\u00e9s\u00e9hez alkalmasnak \u00e9s sz\u00fcks\u00e9gesnek kell lennie.<\/p>\n<p>Fontos megeml\u00edteni tov\u00e1bb\u00e1 az \u00c1ltal\u00e1nos adatv\u00e9delmi rendelet (GDPR) adatminimaliz\u00e1l\u00e1si elv\u00e9t (5. cikk (1) bekezd\u00e9s c) pontja), amely el\u0151\u00edrja, hogy kiz\u00e1r\u00f3lag azokat az eg\u00e9szs\u00e9g\u00fcgyi adatokat szabad feldolgozni, amelyek a megjel\u00f6lt c\u00e9lhoz szigor\u00faan sz\u00fcks\u00e9gesek \u00e9s ar\u00e1nyosak.<\/p>\n<p>A koronav\u00edrus elleni immunit\u00e1s igazol\u00e1s\u00e1r\u00f3l sz\u00f3l\u00f3 60\/2021. (II.12.) korm\u00e1nyrendelet szab\u00e1lyozza azokat a hivatalos nyilv\u00e1ntart\u00e1sokat, amelyekben az olt\u00e1si st\u00e1tuszt r\u00f6gz\u00edtik, \u00e9s meghat\u00e1rozza az eml\u00edtett nyilv\u00e1ntart\u00e1sok vezet\u00e9s\u00e9\u00e9rt felel\u0151s hat\u00f3s\u00e1gokat. A rendelet tov\u00e1bb\u00e1 el\u0151\u00edrja, hogy az immunit\u00e1s igazol\u00e1sa t\u00f6rt\u00e9nhet ak\u00e1r a Magyarorsz\u00e1gi Elektronikus Eg\u00e9szs\u00e9g\u00fcgyi Szolg\u00e1ltat\u00e1si T\u00e9r (EESZT) \u00fczemeltet\u0151je \u00e1ltal biztos\u00edtott alkalmaz\u00e1son kereszt\u00fcl, ak\u00e1r a hivatalos immunit\u00e1si igazol\u00e1son kereszt\u00fcl.<\/p>\n<p>Ezen szab\u00e1lyok alapj\u00e1n a munk\u00e1ltat\u00f3k kiz\u00e1r\u00f3lag a jelentkez\u00e9si lapon vagy a v\u00e9detts\u00e9gi igazol\u00e1son szerepl\u0151 adatokat dolgozhatj\u00e1k fel, amelyek hivatalos k\u00f6zokm\u00e1nynak min\u0151s\u00fclnek. E c\u00e9lb\u00f3l a koronav\u00edrus elleni v\u00e9detts\u00e9gre vonatkoz\u00f3 tov\u00e1bbi inform\u00e1ci\u00f3kat jogszer\u0171en nem szabad gy\u0171jteni vagy feldolgozni.<\/p>\n<p>Az eg\u00e9szs\u00e9g\u00fcgyi adatok feldolgoz\u00e1s\u00e1nak sz\u00fcks\u00e9gess\u00e9g\u00e9t \u00e9s ar\u00e1nyoss\u00e1g\u00e1t illet\u0151en a NAIH azt is hangs\u00falyozza, hogy az ilyen int\u00e9zked\u00e9sek csak akkor indokoltak, ha a kock\u00e1zat szintje kell\u0151en magas. P\u00e9ld\u00e1ul az immunit\u00e1ssal kapcsolatos inform\u00e1ci\u00f3k kiterjedt gy\u0171jt\u00e9s\u00e9nek sz\u00fcks\u00e9gess\u00e9ge nem igazolhat\u00f3 az \u00e1lland\u00f3 t\u00e1vmunka eset\u00e9ben, ahol a koll\u00e9g\u00e1kkal kapcsolatos fert\u0151z\u00e9svesz\u00e9ly nem jelent relev\u00e1ns t\u00e9nyez\u0151t.<\/p>\n<p>Az ar\u00e1nyoss\u00e1g elve tov\u00e1bb\u00e1 azt is jelenti, hogy a munk\u00e1ltat\u00f3k csak annyit k\u00e9rhetnek a munkav\u00e1llal\u00f3kt\u00f3l, hogy mutass\u00e1k be az alkalmaz\u00e1st vagy az immunit\u00e1si igazol\u00e1st. A munk\u00e1ltat\u00f3k nem k\u00e9sz\u00edthetnek m\u00e1solatot, szkennelt m\u00e1solatot vagy f\u00e9nyk\u00e9pet ezekr\u0151l a dokumentumokr\u00f3l, \u00e9s a benn\u00fck szerepl\u0151 inform\u00e1ci\u00f3kat semmilyen form\u00e1ban nem t\u00e1rolhatj\u00e1k.<\/p>\n<h2>Gyakorlati k\u00f6vetkezm\u00e9nyek<\/h2>\n<p>Az immunit\u00e1si igazol\u00e1sok \u00e1ttekint\u00e9se alapj\u00e1n a munk\u00e1ltat\u00f3k megfelel\u0151 szervez\u00e9si int\u00e9zked\u00e9seket hozhatnak. P\u00e9ld\u00e1ul el\u0151\u00edrhatj\u00e1k, hogy azok a munkat\u00e1rsak, akik m\u00e9g nem rendelkeznek v\u00e9detts\u00e9ggel, tov\u00e1bbra is t\u00e1volr\u00f3l dolgozzanak, vagy \u00fagy helyezhetik el a nem immunis munkav\u00e1llal\u00f3 munka\u00e1llom\u00e1s\u00e1t, hogy az egy immunis munkat\u00e1rs munka\u00e1llom\u00e1sa mellett legyen.<\/p>\n<h2>K\u00f6vetkeztet\u00e9s<\/h2>\n<p>Ebb\u0151l egy\u00e9rtelm\u0171en kit\u0171nik, hogy az olt\u00e1snak \u00e9s az abb\u00f3l ered\u0151 immunit\u00e1si \u00e1llapotnak jelent\u0151s k\u00f6vetkezm\u00e9nyei vannak a munkajog, a munkahelyi eg\u00e9szs\u00e9gv\u00e9delem \u00e9s biztons\u00e1g, valamint az adatv\u00e9delem ter\u00e9n. Ez az \u00f6sszefoglal\u00f3 a legfontosabb szempontokat emelte ki.<\/p>\n<p>Amennyiben jogi tan\u00e1csra van sz\u00fcks\u00e9ge ebben a t\u00e9m\u00e1ban vagy b\u00e1rmely m\u00e1s \u00fcgyben \u2013 ak\u00e1r munk\u00e1ltat\u00f3k\u00e9nt, ak\u00e1r munkav\u00e1llal\u00f3k\u00e9nt \u2013, k\u00e9rj\u00fck, ne habozzon kapcsolatba l\u00e9pni irod\u00e1nkkal.<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Back to the Workplace After the Virus: Can an Employer Request Proof of Immunity from Employees? If So, What Data Protection Obligations Apply? In the weeks following the third wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, an increasing number of employers have decided to resume in-person work, which may result in the mass return of employees to [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":32,"featured_media":55421,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[139],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-55420","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news-en"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.0.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Back to the Workplace After the Virus: Can an Employer Request Proof of Immunity from Employees? If So, What Data Protection Obligations Apply? 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