{"id":55716,"date":"2017-08-24T16:44:12","date_gmt":"2017-08-24T14:44:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nzp.de\/?p=55716"},"modified":"2026-08-11T16:49:31","modified_gmt":"2026-08-11T14:49:31","slug":"discounted-acquisition-of-shares-from-the-employer-as-employment-income","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.nzp.de\/hun\/a-munkaltatotol-kedvezmenyes-aron-megszerzett-reszvenyek-mint-munkajovedelem\/","title":{"rendered":"A munk\u00e1ltat\u00f3t\u00f3l kedvezm\u00e9nyes \u00e1ron megszerzett r\u00e9szv\u00e9nyek, mint munkav\u00e1llal\u00f3i j\u00f6vedelem"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Amennyiben egy munkav\u00e1llal\u00f3 munk\u00e1j\u00e1\u00e9rt cser\u00e9be kedvezm\u00e9nyes \u00e1ron szerezhet r\u00e9szv\u00e9nyeket a munk\u00e1ltat\u00f3t\u00f3l vagy egy harmadik f\u00e9lt\u0151l, ez a n\u00e9met j\u00f6vedelemad\u00f3-t\u00f6rv\u00e9ny (EStG) 19. \u00a7 (1) bekezd\u00e9s\u00e9nek 1. mondat\u00e1ban szerepl\u0151 1. pont szerinti, a 8. \u00a7 (1) bekezd\u00e9s\u00e9vel \u00f6sszef\u00fcgg\u00e9sben \u00e9rtelmezett munkaviszonyb\u00f3l sz\u00e1rmaz\u00f3 j\u00f6vedelemnek min\u0151s\u00fcl, amennyiben a munk\u00e1ltat\u00f3 a r\u00e9szv\u00e9nyeket a munkav\u00e1llal\u00f3nak kedvezm\u00e9nyes \u00e1ron \u00e9rt\u00e9kes\u00edti, azaz a r\u00e9szv\u00e9nyek \u00e9rt\u00e9ke a k\u00f6telez\u0151 \u00e9rv\u00e9ny\u0171 elad\u00e1s id\u0151pontj\u00e1ban a n\u00e9met j\u00f6vedelemad\u00f3-t\u00f6rv\u00e9ny (EStG) 8. \u00a7 (1) bekezd\u00e9s\u00e9vel \u00f6sszef\u00fcgg\u00e9sben \u00e9rtelmezett munkaviszonyb\u00f3l sz\u00e1rmaz\u00f3 j\u00f6vedelemnek min\u0151s\u00fcl, amennyiben a munk\u00e1ltat\u00f3 a r\u00e9szv\u00e9nyeket kedvezm\u00e9nyesen \u00e9rt\u00e9kes\u00edti a munkav\u00e1llal\u00f3nak, azaz a r\u00e9szv\u00e9nyek \u00e9rt\u00e9ke a k\u00f6telez\u0151 erej\u0171 ad\u00e1sv\u00e9teli szerz\u0151d\u00e9s mindk\u00e9t f\u00e9l \u00e1ltali megk\u00f6t\u00e9s\u00e9nek id\u0151pontj\u00e1ban meghaladja a meg\u00e1llapod\u00e1s szerinti v\u00e9tel\u00e1rat.<\/p>\n<p>A vitatott \u00e9vben a felperes az A-AG-n\u00e1l v\u00e9gzett munk\u00e1ja r\u00e9v\u00e9n az EStG 19. \u00a7 (1) bekezd\u00e9s\u00e9nek 1. mondat\u00e1ban szerepl\u0151 1. pont szerinti munkaviszonyb\u00f3l sz\u00e1rmaz\u00f3 j\u00f6vedelemre tett szert. Abban az \u00e9vben az A-AG f\u0151r\u00e9szv\u00e9nyese \u00e9s igazgat\u00f3tan\u00e1cs\u00e1nak eln\u00f6ke mag\u00e1nvagyon\u00e1b\u00f3l \u00e9rt\u00e9kes\u00edtett az A-AG r\u00e9szv\u00e9nyeit, t\u00f6bbek k\u00f6z\u00f6tt a felperes feles\u00e9g\u00e9nek is. A felperes feles\u00e9ge \u00e9s a f\u0151r\u00e9szv\u00e9nyes 1997 szeptember\u00e9ben k\u00f6zjegyz\u0151 el\u0151tt ad\u00e1sv\u00e9teli szerz\u0151d\u00e9st k\u00f6t\u00f6ttek az A-AG r\u00e9szv\u00e9nyeir\u0151l azok n\u00e9v\u00e9rt\u00e9k\u00e9n. A szerz\u0151d\u00e9s t\u00f6bbek k\u00f6z\u00f6tt utalt a 1997. augusztusra tervezett t\u0151zsdei bevezet\u00e9sre is, amelyre t\u00e9nylegesen abban a h\u00f3napban sor ker\u00fclt. A felperes azzal \u00e9rvelt, hogy az elad\u00e1s m\u00e1r a 1997. augusztusi t\u0151zsdei bevezet\u00e9s el\u0151tt megt\u00f6rt\u00e9nt, olyan id\u0151pontban, amikor a r\u00e9szv\u00e9nyek t\u00e9nyleges \u00e9rt\u00e9ke m\u00e9g nem haladta meg n\u00e9v\u00e9rt\u00e9k\u00fcket. Ennek ellen\u00e9re az alperes ad\u00f3hivatal m\u00f3dos\u00edtotta a felperes j\u00f6vedelemad\u00f3-meg\u00e1llap\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1t azzal, hogy a r\u00e9szv\u00e9nyek kedvezm\u00e9nyes megv\u00e1s\u00e1rl\u00e1s\u00e1n kereszt\u00fcl szerzett ad\u00f3k\u00f6teles hasznot a felperesnek munkaviszonyb\u00f3l sz\u00e1rmaz\u00f3 ad\u00f3k\u00f6teles j\u00f6vedelemk\u00e9nt sz\u00e1m\u00edtotta be. A kifog\u00e1s \u00e9s az azt k\u00f6vet\u0151 kereset sikertelen volt. A felperes jogi k\u00e9rd\u00e9sekre vonatkoz\u00f3 fellebbez\u00e9se sikeres volt; a Sz\u00f6vets\u00e9gi Ad\u00f3b\u00edr\u00f3s\u00e1g az \u00fcgyet visszautalta az Ad\u00f3b\u00edr\u00f3s\u00e1ghoz.<\/p>\n<p>Az EStG 19. \u00a7 (1) bekezd\u00e9s\u00e9nek 1. mondat\u00e1ban szerepl\u0151 1. pont szerinti munkaviszonyb\u00f3l sz\u00e1rmaz\u00f3 j\u00f6vedelem nem csup\u00e1n a fizet\u00e9seket \u00e9s b\u00e9rket foglalja mag\u00e1ban, hanem a munkaviszony \u201c\u00e9rte\u201d ny\u00fajtott egy\u00e9b juttat\u00e1sokat \u00e9s d\u00edjaz\u00e1sokat is, felt\u00e9ve, hogy azok \u2013 legal\u00e1bbis t\u00e1gabb \u00e9rtelemben \u2013 a munkaer\u0151-ny\u00fajt\u00e1s ellen\u00e9rt\u00e9kek\u00e9nt min\u0151s\u00edthet\u0151k. Ez vonatkozik a munk\u00e1ltat\u00f3t\u00f3l r\u00e9szv\u00e9nyek kedvezm\u00e9nyes megv\u00e1s\u00e1rl\u00e1s\u00e1ra is. Ezen fel\u00fcl az EStG 19. \u00a7 (1) bekezd\u00e9s\u00e9nek 1. mondat\u00e1ban foglalt 1. pont szerinti j\u00f6vedelem akkor is fenn\u00e1llhat, ha az ell\u00e1t\u00e1sokat harmadik f\u00e9l ny\u00fajtja, vagy azokat harmadik f\u00e9l r\u00e9sz\u00e9re biztos\u00edtj\u00e1k. Ennek el\u0151felt\u00e9tele, hogy a harmadik f\u00e9l r\u00e9sz\u00e9re ny\u00fajtott ell\u00e1t\u00e1st a munkav\u00e1llal\u00f3 szolg\u00e1ltat\u00e1sai miatt biztos\u00edts\u00e1k. Hogy egy juttat\u00e1st a munkaviszonyb\u00f3l ered\u0151nek kell-e tekinteni, \u00e9s ez\u00e9rt a munk\u00e1b\u00f3l sz\u00e1rmaz\u00f3 j\u00f6vedelemk\u00e9nt kell-e besorolni, azt az egyes esetekben az els\u0151fok\u00fa b\u00edr\u00f3s\u00e1g t\u00e9ny\u00e9rt\u00e9kel\u00e9se alapj\u00e1n kell meg\u00e1llap\u00edtani. A juttat\u00e1s nem k\u00e9pez ad\u00f3k\u00f6teles j\u00f6vedelmet, ha az eszk\u00f6z megszerz\u00e9se piaci felt\u00e9telek mellett t\u00f6rt\u00e9nt. R\u00e9szv\u00e9nyek megszerz\u00e9se eset\u00e9n csak akkor \u00e1ll fenn ad\u00f3k\u00f6teles juttat\u00e1s, ha a r\u00e9szv\u00e9nyek \u00e9rt\u00e9ke meghaladja a meg\u00e1llapod\u00e1s szerinti v\u00e9tel\u00e1rat. Nem jegyzett r\u00e9szv\u00e9nyek eset\u00e9ben az \u00e9rt\u00e9ket a n\u00e9met \u00c9rt\u00e9kel\u00e9si t\u00f6rv\u00e9ny (BewG) 11. \u00a7 (2) bekezd\u00e9s\u00e9nek megfelel\u0151en kell meghat\u00e1rozni. A relev\u00e1ns id\u0151pont a mindk\u00e9t f\u00e9l sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra k\u00f6telez\u0151 erej\u0171 ad\u00e1sv\u00e9teli \u00fcgylet megk\u00f6t\u00e9se, nem pedig az a pillanat, amikor a megszerzett r\u00e9szv\u00e9nyeket \u00e1tveszik. A k\u00f6telezetts\u00e9gv\u00e1llal\u00e1si \u00fcgylet megk\u00f6t\u00e9se \u00e9s a teljes\u00edt\u00e9si \u00fcgylet k\u00f6z\u00f6tt bek\u00f6vetkez\u0151 r\u00e9szv\u00e9ny\u00e9rt\u00e9k-v\u00e1ltoz\u00e1sok a mag\u00e1njelleg\u0171, nem ad\u00f3k\u00f6teles vagyoni szf\u00e9r\u00e1ba tartoznak, \u00e9s nem esnek a munk\u00e1ltat\u00f3 befoly\u00e1si k\u00f6r\u00e9be.<\/p>\n<p>Gyakorlati megjegyz\u00e9s: A d\u00f6nt\u00e9s visszarep\u00edti az olvas\u00f3t az \u00daj Piac korszak\u00e1ba. Akkoriban a t\u0151zsdei bevezet\u00e9seket gyakran (n\u00e9ha kiterjedt) \u201eFamily &amp; Friends\u201d programok k\u00eds\u00e9rt\u00e9k. Ezek keret\u00e9ben egy sz\u0171k k\u00f6r\u0171 szem\u00e9lycsoport sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra lehet\u0151v\u00e9 tett\u00e9k a r\u00e9szv\u00e9nyek megv\u00e1s\u00e1rl\u00e1s\u00e1t m\u00e9g a t\u0151zsdei bevezet\u00e9s el\u0151tt. Az ilyen programok kedvezm\u00e9nyezettjei p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul a r\u00e9gi r\u00e9szv\u00e9nyesek csal\u00e1dtagjai \u00e9s bar\u00e1tai, de a v\u00e1llalat vezet\u00e9se \u00e9s kiemelt \u00fcgyfelei is. A \u201eFamily &amp; Friends\u201d programokat azzal a v\u00e1rakoz\u00e1ssal ind\u00edtj\u00e1k, hogy a t\u0151zsdei bevezet\u00e9st k\u00f6vet\u0151en a r\u00e9szv\u00e9nyek \u00e1rfolyama magasabb lesz, mint a program keret\u00e9ben meghat\u00e1rozott jegyz\u00e9si \u00e1r. \u00c9ppen ez a v\u00e1rakoz\u00e1s vonja be a p\u00e9nz\u00fcgyi hat\u00f3s\u00e1got. A jelen hat\u00e1rozatban a Sz\u00f6vets\u00e9gi P\u00e9nz\u00fcgyi B\u00edr\u00f3s\u00e1g (BFH) kimondta, hogy a r\u00e9szv\u00e9nyek \u00e9rt\u00e9k\u00e9nek meg\u00e1llap\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1hoz a mindk\u00e9t f\u00e9l sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra k\u00f6telez\u0151 elad\u00e1si \u00fcgylet id\u0151pontj\u00e1t kell alapul venni.<\/p>\n<p>BFH; 2014. m\u00e1jus 7-i \u00edt\u00e9let \u2013 VI R 73\/12 = BeckRS 2014, 95358<br \/>\nForr\u00e1s: NJW-Spezial 18\/2014<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>If an employee is granted the discounted acquisition of shares from the employer or from a third party in return for their work, this constitutes income from employment under Section 19(1) sentence 1 no. 1 in conjunction with Section 8(1) of the German Income Tax Act (EStG), to the extent that the employer sells the 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