{"id":56211,"date":"2026-09-15T10:51:12","date_gmt":"2026-09-15T08:51:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nzp.de\/?p=56211"},"modified":"2026-09-15T10:51:12","modified_gmt":"2026-09-15T08:51:12","slug":"establishing-a-company-limited-by-shares-in-hungary-practical-insights-into-the-hungarian-incorporation-process","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.nzp.de\/hun\/reszvenytarsasag-alapitasa-magyarorszagon-gyakorlati-utmutato-a-magyar-cegalapitasi-folyamatrol\/","title":{"rendered":"R\u00e9szv\u00e9nyt\u00e1rsas\u00e1g alap\u00edt\u00e1sa Magyarorsz\u00e1gon: gyakorlati betekint\u00e9s a magyar c\u00e9galap\u00edt\u00e1si folyamatba"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A r\u00e9szv\u00e9nyt\u00e1rsas\u00e1g a magyar t\u00e1rsas\u00e1gi jog szerint az egyik legkifinomultabb \u00e9s legrangosabb v\u00e1llalati szervezeti forma. \u00c1ltal\u00e1ban olyan v\u00e1llalkoz\u00e1sok v\u00e1lasztj\u00e1k, amelyek jelent\u0151s t\u0151keig\u00e9ny\u0171ek, k\u00fcls\u0151 befektet\u0151ket k\u00edv\u00e1nnak vonzani, vagy hossz\u00fa t\u00e1von a t\u0151kepiacokra val\u00f3 bel\u00e9p\u00e9st tervezik. E t\u00e1rsas\u00e1gi forma egyik meghat\u00e1roz\u00f3 jellemz\u0151je, hogy a tulajdonosi r\u00e9szesed\u00e9seket r\u00e9szv\u00e9nyek k\u00e9pviselik, ami jelent\u0151sen rugalmasabb tulajdonosi strukt\u00far\u00e1t tesz lehet\u0151v\u00e9, mint sz\u00e1mos m\u00e1s t\u00edpus\u00fa gazdas\u00e1gi szervezet eset\u00e9ben.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A magyar jog szerint a r\u00e9szv\u00e9nyt\u00e1rsas\u00e1got ak\u00e1r\u00a0<strong>z\u00e1rtk\u00f6r\u0171 r\u00e9szv\u00e9nyt\u00e1rsas\u00e1g (Zrt.)<\/strong>\u00a0vagy mint\u00a0<strong>nyilv\u00e1nosan m\u0171k\u00f6d\u0151 r\u00e9szv\u00e9nyt\u00e1rsas\u00e1g (Nyrt.)<\/strong>. A gyakorlatban az \u00fajonnan alap\u00edtott t\u00e1rsas\u00e1gok t\u00falnyom\u00f3 t\u00f6bbs\u00e9ge a z\u00e1rtk\u00f6r\u0171 t\u00e1rsas\u00e1gi form\u00e1t v\u00e1lasztja, mivel a nyilv\u00e1nos t\u00e1rsas\u00e1gokra l\u00e9nyegesen szigor\u00fabb szab\u00e1lyoz\u00e1si \u00e9s t\u0151kepiaci k\u00f6vetelm\u00e9nyek vonatkoznak.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Mi\u00e9rt v\u00e1lasztj\u00e1k a v\u00e1llalkoz\u00e1sok a r\u00e9szv\u00e9nyt\u00e1rsas\u00e1got?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A r\u00e9szv\u00e9nyt\u00e1rsas\u00e1g egyik legf\u0151bb el\u0151nye, hogy alkalmas t\u0151ke bevon\u00e1s\u00e1ra \u00e9s befektet\u0151k befogad\u00e1s\u00e1ra. Ellent\u00e9tben azokkal a v\u00e1llalkoz\u00e1sokkal, amelyek els\u0151sorban a tulajdonosok szem\u00e9lyes r\u00e9szv\u00e9tel\u00e9re \u00e9p\u00fclnek, a r\u00e9szv\u00e9nyt\u00e1rsas\u00e1g alapvet\u0151en t\u0151keorient\u00e1lt: c\u00e9lja, hogy megk\u00f6nny\u00edtse a t\u0151ke \u00f6sszevon\u00e1s\u00e1t \u00e9s a tulajdonjog r\u00e9szv\u00e9nyeken kereszt\u00fcl t\u00f6rt\u00e9n\u0151 \u00e1truh\u00e1z\u00e1s\u00e1t.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A sz\u00fcks\u00e9ges alapt\u0151ke rendelkez\u00e9sre \u00e1ll\u00e1sa a t\u00e1rsas\u00e1g alap\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1nak egyik legfontosabb el\u0151felt\u00e9tele. A z\u00e1rtk\u00f6r\u0171 r\u00e9szv\u00e9nyt\u00e1rsas\u00e1g (Zrt.) eset\u00e9ben a magyar jogszab\u00e1lyok szerint a minim\u00e1lis alapt\u0151ke \u00f6sszege\u00a0<strong>5 milli\u00f3 HUF<\/strong>\u00a0(k\u00f6r\u00fclbel\u00fcl\u00a0<strong>14 000 eur\u00f3<\/strong>). R\u00e9szv\u00e9nyt\u00e1rsas\u00e1g (Nyrt.) eset\u00e9ben a minim\u00e1lis alapt\u0151ke\u00a0<strong>20 milli\u00f3 HUF<\/strong>\u00a0(k\u00f6r\u00fclbel\u00fcl\u00a0<strong>60 000 eur\u00f3<\/strong>).<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Az alapt\u0151ke nemcsak k\u00e9szp\u00e9nzbefektet\u00e9sekb\u0151l, hanem term\u00e9szetbeni befektet\u00e9sekb\u0151l is \u00e1llhat, p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul ingatlanokb\u00f3l, szellemi tulajdonjogokb\u00f3l, k\u00f6vetel\u00e9sekb\u0151l, berendez\u00e9sekb\u0151l vagy egy\u00e9b eszk\u00f6z\u00f6kb\u0151l. Az alap\u00edt\u00f3knak k\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00f6s \u00f3vatoss\u00e1ggal kell elj\u00e1rniuk az ilyen nem k\u00e9szp\u00e9nz jelleg\u0171 befektet\u00e9sek \u00e9rt\u00e9k\u00e9nek meghat\u00e1roz\u00e1sakor, mivel az \u00e9rt\u00e9kel\u00e9s esetleges pontatlans\u00e1gai\u00e9rt felel\u0151ss\u00e9gre vonhat\u00f3k.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">B\u00e1r a r\u00e9szv\u00e9nyt\u00e1rsas\u00e1got \u00e1ltal\u00e1ban t\u0151kealap\u00fa t\u00e1rsas\u00e1gi form\u00e1nak tekintik, a magyar jogszab\u00e1lyok sz\u00e1mos lehet\u0151s\u00e9get k\u00edn\u00e1lnak a r\u00e9szv\u00e9nyesek k\u00f6z\u00f6tti szem\u00e9lyes kapcsolatok meger\u0151s\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9re is. K\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 r\u00e9szv\u00e9nyoszt\u00e1lyok hozhat\u00f3k l\u00e9tre, \u00e9s a r\u00e9szv\u00e9nyesek r\u00e9szv\u00e9nyesi meg\u00e1llapod\u00e1st k\u00f6thetnek, amely szab\u00e1lyozza a szavazati jogokat, az ir\u00e1ny\u00edt\u00e1si rendet, az \u00e1truh\u00e1z\u00e1si korl\u00e1toz\u00e1sokat, valamint a t\u00e1rsas\u00e1gon bel\u00fcli egy\u00fcttm\u0171k\u00f6d\u00e9s egy\u00e9b vonatkoz\u00e1sait.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Hogyan zajlik a c\u00e9galap\u00edt\u00e1si folyamat?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A magyar r\u00e9szv\u00e9nyt\u00e1rsas\u00e1g alap\u00edt\u00e1sa nagyj\u00e1b\u00f3l hasonl\u00f3 a magyar korl\u00e1tolt felel\u0151ss\u00e9g\u0171 t\u00e1rsas\u00e1g (Kft.) alap\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1hoz, amely sok joghat\u00f3s\u00e1gban \u00f6sszehasonl\u00edthat\u00f3 a n\u00e9met GmbH-val vagy a korl\u00e1tolt felel\u0151ss\u00e9g\u0171 t\u00e1rsas\u00e1ggal (LLC).<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Egy fontos k\u00fcl\u00f6nbs\u00e9g az, hogy a r\u00e9szv\u00e9nyeket \u2013 f\u00fcggetlen\u00fcl att\u00f3l, hogy nyomtatott vagy dematerializ\u00e1lt form\u00e1ban ker\u00fclnek-e kibocs\u00e1t\u00e1sra \u2013 hivatalosan csak a t\u00e1rsas\u00e1g alap\u00edt\u00e1sa ut\u00e1n lehet kibocs\u00e1tani.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ak\u00e1rcsak m\u00e1s t\u00edpus\u00fa gazdas\u00e1gi t\u00e1rsas\u00e1gok eset\u00e9ben, a bejegyz\u00e9s el\u0151tt sz\u00e1mos alapvet\u0151 k\u00f6vetelm\u00e9nynek meg kell felelni. A t\u00e1rsas\u00e1gnak rendelkeznie kell sz\u00e9khellyel, legal\u00e1bb egy \u00fcgyvezet\u0151vel, az \u00fcgyvezet\u0151 al\u00e1\u00edr\u00e1si mint\u00e1j\u00e1val, az alap\u00edt\u00f3k r\u00e9szv\u00e9nyjegyz\u00e9si k\u00f6telezetts\u00e9gv\u00e1llal\u00e1s\u00e1val, az \u00fcgyvezet\u0151(k) kinevez\u00e9si nyilatkozataival \u2013 bele\u00e9rtve az \u00f6sszef\u00e9rhetetlens\u00e9gre vonatkoz\u00f3 nyilatkozatokat is \u2013, valamint a megfelel\u0151en elk\u00e9sz\u00edtett t\u00e1rsas\u00e1gi szerz\u0151d\u00e9ssel. Ezen fel\u00fcl a t\u00e1rsas\u00e1g rendelkez\u00e9s\u00e9re kell bocs\u00e1tani a sz\u00fcks\u00e9ges alapt\u0151k\u00e9t.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A t\u0151ke-befizet\u00e9si folyamat n\u00e9mileg elt\u00e9r a korl\u00e1tolt felel\u0151ss\u00e9g\u0171 t\u00e1rsas\u00e1g alap\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1t\u00f3l. Az alap\u00edt\u00f3knak legal\u00e1bb a t\u00f6rv\u00e9nyben el\u0151\u00edrt minim\u00e1lis alapt\u0151k\u00e9t rendelkez\u00e9sre kell bocs\u00e1taniuk, \u00e9s igazolniuk kell, hogy a befizet\u00e9st t\u00e9nylegesen teljes\u00edtett\u00e9k.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ellent\u00e9tben azokkal az elj\u00e1r\u00e1sokkal, ahol a jogi tan\u00e1csad\u00f3 csup\u00e1n a t\u0151kehozz\u00e1j\u00e1rul\u00e1sokra vonatkoz\u00f3 nyilatkozatokat ellen\u0151rizheti, a r\u00e9szv\u00e9nyt\u00e1rsas\u00e1g alap\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1hoz \u00e1ltal\u00e1ban sz\u00fcks\u00e9g van a fizet\u00e9si szolg\u00e1ltat\u00f3 vagy a bank igazol\u00e1s\u00e1ra arr\u00f3l, hogy a vonatkoz\u00f3 \u00f6sszeg befizet\u00e9sre ker\u00fclt.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A gyakorlatban a bankok gyakran nyitnak egy ideiglenes\u00a0<strong>m\u0171szaki besz\u00e1mol\u00f3<\/strong>\u00a0a c\u00e9galap\u00edt\u00e1s c\u00e9lj\u00e1b\u00f3l. Amint az alap\u00edt\u00f3k befizetik a sz\u00fcks\u00e9ges t\u0151k\u00e9t erre a sz\u00e1ml\u00e1ra, a bank ki\u00e1ll\u00edt egy igazol\u00e1st, amely meger\u0151s\u00edti, hogy a r\u00e9szv\u00e9nyt\u0151ke rendelkez\u00e9sre \u00e1ll \u00e9s azt szab\u00e1lyszer\u0171en befizett\u00e9k. Ez az igazol\u00e1s a c\u00e9galap\u00edt\u00e1si folyamat elengedhetetlen r\u00e9sze, mivel a bejegyz\u00e9s nem hajthat\u00f3 v\u00e9gre an\u00e9lk\u00fcl, hogy megfelel\u0151 bizony\u00edt\u00e9k \u00e1llna rendelkez\u00e9sre a t\u00f6rv\u00e9nyben el\u0151\u00edrt t\u0151kek\u00f6vetelm\u00e9ny teljes\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9r\u0151l.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Az alapt\u0151ke-k\u00f6vetelm\u00e9nyek teljes\u00edt\u00e9se mellett az alap\u00edt\u00f3knak a hivatalos c\u00e9gbejegyz\u00e9si k\u00f6lts\u00e9gekkel is sz\u00e1molniuk kell. A z\u00e1rtk\u00f6r\u0171 r\u00e9szv\u00e9nyt\u00e1rsas\u00e1g (Zrt.) alap\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1hoz sz\u00fcks\u00e9ges b\u00edr\u00f3s\u00e1gi bejegyz\u00e9si d\u00edj jelenleg\u00a0<strong>100 000 HUF<\/strong>\u00a0(k\u00f6r\u00fclbel\u00fcl\u00a0<strong>250\u2013260 eur\u00f3<\/strong>), amely a jogi \u00e9s adminisztrat\u00edv k\u00f6lts\u00e9geken fel\u00fcl fizetend\u0151. Sz\u00e1mos nyugat-eur\u00f3pai joghat\u00f3s\u00e1ggal \u00f6sszehasonl\u00edtva a magyar c\u00e9galap\u00edt\u00e1si elj\u00e1r\u00e1s tov\u00e1bbra is viszonylag k\u00f6lts\u00e9ghat\u00e9kony, mik\u00f6zben hozz\u00e1f\u00e9r\u00e9st biztos\u00edt az Eur\u00f3pai Uni\u00f3 piac\u00e1hoz.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Az alap\u00edt\u00f3 okirat: Alapszab\u00e1ly<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A legt\u00f6bb magyar gazdas\u00e1gi t\u00e1rsas\u00e1ghoz hasonl\u00f3an a r\u00e9szv\u00e9nyt\u00e1rsas\u00e1got is az alapszab\u00e1lya szab\u00e1lyozza\u00a0<strong>Alap\u00edt\u00f3 okirat<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Egyszer\u0171bb esetekben az alapszab\u00e1lyt a magyar t\u00e1rsas\u00e1gi jog alapj\u00e1n rendelkez\u00e9sre \u00e1ll\u00f3 t\u00f6rv\u00e9nyi sablon felhaszn\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1val is elk\u00e9sz\u00edthetik. Amennyiben azonban a r\u00e9szv\u00e9nyesek kifinomultabb ir\u00e1ny\u00edt\u00e1si strukt\u00far\u00e1t k\u00edv\u00e1nnak kialak\u00edtani, k\u00fcl\u00f6nleges r\u00e9szv\u00e9nyesi jogokat bevezetni, k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 r\u00e9szv\u00e9nyoszt\u00e1lyokat l\u00e9trehozni, vagy a t\u00e1rsas\u00e1gi d\u00f6nt\u00e9shozatalt r\u00e9szletesebben szab\u00e1lyozni, \u00e1ltal\u00e1ban c\u00e9lszer\u0171bb egy jogi tan\u00e1csad\u00f3 \u00e1ltal elk\u00e9sz\u00edtett, egyedi dokumentumot haszn\u00e1lni.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A gondosan megfogalmazott t\u00e1rsas\u00e1gi szerz\u0151d\u00e9s jelent\u0151sen cs\u00f6kkentheti a j\u00f6v\u0151beli jogvit\u00e1k kialakul\u00e1s\u00e1nak es\u00e9ly\u00e9t, \u00e9s egy\u00e9rtelm\u0171s\u00e9get teremt a r\u00e9szv\u00e9nyesek \u00e9s a t\u00e1rsas\u00e1g vezet\u0151i jogai \u00e9s k\u00f6telezetts\u00e9gei tekintet\u00e9ben.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Mennyi id\u0151t vesz ig\u00e9nybe a c\u00e9gbejegyz\u00e9s?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gyakorlati tapasztalataink alapj\u00e1n a magyar ad\u00f3sz\u00e1m megszerz\u00e9s\u00e9hez sz\u00fcks\u00e9ges id\u0151tartam jelent\u0151sen v\u00e1ltozhat. Egyes esetekben az ad\u00f3hat\u00f3s\u00e1g egy munkanapon bel\u00fcl kiadja az ad\u00f3sz\u00e1mot, m\u00edg m\u00e1skor az elj\u00e1r\u00e1s ak\u00e1r egy h\u00e9tig is eltarthat.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Maga a c\u00e9gbejegyz\u00e9s gyakran rendk\u00edv\u00fcl hat\u00e9konyan zajlik. Budapesten tapasztaltuk, hogy a C\u00e9gjegyz\u00e9k-vezet\u0151 B\u00edr\u00f3s\u00e1g m\u00e1r a c\u00e9galap\u00edt\u00e1si okm\u00e1nyok beny\u00fajt\u00e1s\u00e1t k\u00f6vet\u0151 k\u00e9t\u2013h\u00e1rom munkanapon bel\u00fcl bejegyzi a c\u00e9geket.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Fontos megjegyezni, hogy a t\u00e1rsas\u00e1gnak nem kell megv\u00e1rnia a v\u00e9gleges bejegyz\u00e9s\u00e9t ahhoz, hogy megkezdje bizonyos tev\u00e9kenys\u00e9geit. Amint az alap\u00edt\u00f3 okiratokat al\u00e1\u00edrt\u00e1k \u00e9s az ad\u00f3sz\u00e1mot kiadt\u00e1k, a t\u00e1rsas\u00e1g m\u00e1r m\u0171k\u00f6dhet, mint\u00a0<strong>el\u0151t\u00e1rsas\u00e1g<\/strong>\u00a0a magyar jogszab\u00e1lyokban el\u0151\u00edrt keretek k\u00f6z\u00f6tt, a v\u00e9gleges bejegyz\u00e9s lez\u00e1rult\u00e1ig.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Jogi t\u00e1mogat\u00e1s a c\u00e9gbejegyz\u00e9s ut\u00e1n is<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ha Magyarorsz\u00e1gon r\u00e9szv\u00e9nyt\u00e1rsas\u00e1g alap\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1t fontolgatja, a korai szakaszban ig\u00e9nybe vett jogi tan\u00e1csad\u00e1s hozz\u00e1j\u00e1rulhat ahhoz, hogy a v\u00e1lasztott t\u00e1rsas\u00e1gi forma egyar\u00e1nt megfeleljen a jogszab\u00e1lyi el\u0151\u00edr\u00e1soknak \u00e9s a hossz\u00fa t\u00e1v\u00fa \u00fczleti c\u00e9lkit\u0171z\u00e9seknek.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Irod\u00e1nk az \u00fcgyfeleket a c\u00e9galap\u00edt\u00e1si folyamat teljes id\u0151tartama alatt t\u00e1mogatja, az alapszab\u00e1ly \u00e9s a r\u00e9szv\u00e9nyesi meg\u00e1llapod\u00e1sok elk\u00e9sz\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9t\u0151l kezdve a t\u0151kehozz\u00e1j\u00e1rul\u00e1sok kialak\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1n \u00e1t eg\u00e9szen az ir\u00e1ny\u00edt\u00e1si rendszer kialak\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1ig. Emellett folyamatos jogi t\u00e1mogat\u00e1st ny\u00fajtunk a r\u00e9szv\u00e9nyesi kapcsolatok, a v\u00e1llalati \u00e1tszervez\u00e9sek, a t\u0151keemel\u00e9sek, a r\u00e9szv\u00e9ny\u00e1truh\u00e1z\u00e1sok, valamint a v\u00e1llalatok napi m\u0171k\u00f6d\u00e9s\u00e9nek sz\u00e9lesebb k\u00f6r\u0171 jogi vonatkoz\u00e1sai ter\u00e9n.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ak\u00e1r alap\u00edt\u00f3, befektet\u0151 vagy a magyar piacra bel\u00e9p\u0151 nemzetk\u00f6zi v\u00e1llalkoz\u00e1sr\u00f3l van sz\u00f3, a c\u00e9galap\u00edt\u00e1s szakasz\u00e1ban v\u00e9gzett gondos tervez\u00e9s szil\u00e1rd jogi alapot biztos\u00edthat a j\u00f6v\u0151beli n\u00f6veked\u00e9shez \u00e9s befektet\u00e9sekhez.<\/p>\n<div style=\"position: absolute; width: 1px; height: 1px; margin: -1px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; overflow: hidden; clip: rect(0px, 0px, 0px, 0px); clip-path: inset(50%); white-space: nowrap;\" role=\"status\" aria-live=\"polite\" aria-atomic=\"true\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"position: absolute; width: 1px; height: 1px; margin: -1px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; overflow: hidden; clip: rect(0px, 0px, 0px, 0px); clip-path: inset(50%); white-space: nowrap;\" role=\"alert\" aria-live=\"assertive\" aria-atomic=\"true\"><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A company limited by shares is one of the most sophisticated and prestigious forms of business organisation under Hungarian corporate law. 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