Tedarik\u00e7iler ve al\u0131c\u0131lar, ili\u015fkinin tek seferlik bir sat\u0131n alman\u0131n \u00f6tesine ge\u00e7mesinin \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc durumlarda, uzun vadeli i\u015f ili\u015fkilerinin temel unsurlar\u0131n\u0131 yeknesak bi\u00e7imde d\u00fczenlemek amac\u0131yla genellikle \u00e7er\u00e7eve tedarik s\u00f6zle\u015fmeleri akdederler. Bu s\u00f6zle\u015fmeler \u00e7o\u011funlukla \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin t\u00fcr\u00fc ve kalitesini, \u00f6deme ko\u015fullar\u0131 d\u00e2hil fiyatlar\u0131, kalite g\u00fcvencesi ve sorumlulu\u011fa ili\u015fkin h\u00fck\u00fcmleri ve uyu\u015fmazl\u0131k \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm mekanizmalar\u0131n\u0131 kapsar. Al\u0131c\u0131lar ayr\u0131ca, ideal olarak sabit veya \u00e7ok az de\u011fi\u015fen fiyatlarla hammadde veya bitmi\u015f \u00fcr\u00fcn tedarikini g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na almaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Tedarik\u00e7iler ise m\u00fc\u015fterilerini, m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011funca sabit veya artan sat\u0131\u015f hacimleriyle uzun vadede elde tutmay\u0131 ama\u00e7lar.<\/p>\n
Piyasay\u0131 \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde kapat\u0131c\u0131 etkileri bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcrece, uzun vadeli m\u00fcnhas\u0131r sat\u0131n alma y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckleri genel i\u015flem \u015fartlar\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda dahi ge\u00e7erli olabilir. Bu husus, D\u00fcsseldorf Y\u00fcksek B\u00f6lge Mahkemesi\u2019nin 17 May\u0131s 2017 tarihli karar\u0131nda (VI-U (Kart) 10\/16) teyit edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Tedarik s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinde \u015fu h\u00fck\u00fcm yer al\u0131yordu:<\/p>\n
\u201cAl\u0131c\u0131, s\u00f6zle\u015fme s\u00fcresi boyunca Ek 1\u2019de listelenen s\u00f6zle\u015fme kapsam\u0131ndaki \u00fcr\u00fcnleri m\u00fcnhas\u0131ran tedarik\u00e7iden sat\u0131n almay\u0131 taahh\u00fct eder.\u201d<\/p>\n
S\u00f6zle\u015fme sekiz y\u0131ll\u0131k sabit bir s\u00fcre i\u00e7in akdedilmi\u015f ve alt\u0131 ayl\u0131k ihbar s\u00fcresine uyularak feshedilmedi\u011fi takdirde her defas\u0131nda bir y\u0131l daha uzayaca\u011f\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Ancak al\u0131c\u0131, s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc y\u0131l\u0131ndan itibaren s\u00f6zle\u015fme kapsam\u0131ndaki \u00fcr\u00fcnleri \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015filerden temin etmeye ba\u015flad\u0131. Bunun \u00fczerine tedarik\u00e7i, Alman Medeni Kanunu\u2019nun 280(1) ve 241(1) maddeleri uyar\u0131nca al\u0131c\u0131ya kar\u015f\u0131 bilgi verilmesi ve tazminat talepli dava a\u00e7t\u0131. Hem B\u00f6lge Mahkemesi hem de Y\u00fcksek B\u00f6lge Mahkemesi tedarik\u00e7i lehine karar verdi.<\/p>\n
M\u00fcnhas\u0131r sat\u0131n alma y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ge\u00e7erliydi ve \u00f6zellikle Almanya Rekabet K\u0131s\u0131tlamalar\u0131na Kar\u015f\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 1. maddesinde d\u00fczenlenen kartel yasa\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ihlal etmiyordu (21. ve devam\u0131ndaki paragraflar). M\u00fcnhas\u0131r sat\u0131n alma y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ancak rakiplerin aleyhine piyasay\u0131 \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde kapatmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde ge\u00e7ersiz say\u0131labilirdi. Somut olayda b\u00f6yle bir durum s\u00f6z konusu de\u011fildi. Aksine, m\u00fcnhas\u0131r sat\u0131n alma y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc her iki tarafa da avantaj sa\u011fl\u0131yordu: tedarik\u00e7i sat\u0131\u015f g\u00fcvencesi elde ederken al\u0131c\u0131 da tedarik g\u00fcvencesine sahip oluyordu. Ayr\u0131ca tedarik\u00e7inin pazar pay\u0131 yaln\u0131zca yakla\u015f\u0131k %1 idi. Mahkeme genel olarak rekabet hukukuna dayal\u0131 itiraz\u0131 temelsiz bulmu\u015f; pazar\u0131n tan\u0131m\u0131, pazar paylar\u0131 ve pazara giri\u015f engelleri hakk\u0131nda yeterli bilgi sunulmamas\u0131 da d\u00e2hil olmak \u00fczere bu y\u00f6ndeki iddialar\u0131 yetersiz de\u011ferlendirmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
M\u00fcnhas\u0131r sat\u0131n alma y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, Alman Medeni Kanunu\u2019nun 307. maddesinin (1) ve (2) f\u0131kralar\u0131 uyar\u0131nca genel i\u015flem \u015fart\u0131 olarak da ge\u00e7ersiz say\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r; zira bu y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fck al\u0131c\u0131y\u0131 makul olmayan \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde dezavantajl\u0131 duruma d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmemi\u015ftir (27. ve devam\u0131ndaki paragraflar, 35. ve devam\u0131ndaki paragraflar). Bu sonuca, her iki taraf\u0131n menfaatlerinin kapsaml\u0131 bi\u00e7imde de\u011ferlendirilmesi sonucunda ula\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle, tedarik\u00e7iye sat\u0131\u015f g\u00fcvencesi sa\u011flayan al\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n uzun vadeli m\u00fcnhas\u0131r sat\u0131n alma y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, tedarik\u00e7inin uzun vadeli bir fiyat garantisi vermemesine ra\u011fmen, tedarik g\u00fcvencesi ile uygun veya en az\u0131ndan piyasa ko\u015fullar\u0131na uygun \u015fartlarla pazara eri\u015fim de d\u00e2hil olmak \u00fczere tedarik\u00e7i taraf\u0131ndan sa\u011flanan \u00e7e\u015fitli de\u011ferli edimlerle dengelenmi\u015ftir. Tedarik\u00e7i ayr\u0131ca al\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n tesislerine \u00fccretsiz ekipman kurmu\u015f ve bu ekipman\u0131, \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 amac\u0131yla s\u00f6zle\u015fme s\u00fcresinin tamam\u0131 boyunca al\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131na sunmu\u015ftu. Buna ek olarak tedarik\u00e7i \u00e7e\u015fitli \u00fccretsiz hizmetler sunmay\u0131 da taahh\u00fct etmi\u015fti. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla al\u0131c\u0131, m\u00fcnhas\u0131r sat\u0131n alma y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcyle ba\u011fl\u0131yd\u0131 ve \u00f6nceki y\u0131llarda bu y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ihlal etmi\u015f olmas\u0131 nedeniyle tazminat \u00f6demekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcyd\u00fc.
\nPratik Notlar:<\/p>\n
Bu dava, m\u00fcnhas\u0131r sat\u0131n alma y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerinin ilke olarak kartel yasa\u011f\u0131ndan muaf tutulabilece\u011fi ve be\u015f y\u0131ldan uzun s\u00fcreli olmalar\u0131 h\u00e2linde dahi ge\u00e7erli olabilece\u011fi y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki mevcut yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 teyit etmektedir. Dikey Blok Muafiyet T\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn 5. maddesinin (1) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131 kapsam\u0131ndaki blok muafiyetinin \u00f6tesinde, bu husus TFEU\u2019nun 101. maddesinin (3) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131 uyar\u0131nca m\u00fcnferit de\u011ferlendirmeye tabidir.<\/p>\n
Soyut olarak bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda belirleyici soru, m\u00fcnhas\u0131r sat\u0131n alma y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn piyasay\u0131 \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde kapat\u0131c\u0131 bir etkiye sahip olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Bu husus, Avrupa Birli\u011fi \u0130lk Derece Mahkemesi\u2019nin Langnese-Iglo davas\u0131nda verdi\u011fi me\u015fhur dondurma karar\u0131nda daha 1995 y\u0131l\u0131nda ortaya konulmu\u015ftu (8 Haziran 1995 tarihli karar, T-7\/93 say\u0131l\u0131 dava, 99 ve devam\u0131 ile 133 ve devam\u0131). S\u00f6z konusu davada Avrupa Komisyonu ve AB mahkemeleri, ortalama s\u00f6zle\u015fme s\u00fcresi yaln\u0131zca 2,5 y\u0131l olan bir m\u00fcnhas\u0131r sat\u0131n alma y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc \u015fu nedenlerle hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 bulmu\u015ftur: (i) tedarik\u00e7inin pazar pay\u0131 De Minimis Bildirimi\u2019nde \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen e\u015fi\u011fin \u00fczerindeydi; (ii) al\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n taleplerinin \u00f6nemli bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc tedarik\u00e7iden kar\u015f\u0131lamalar\u0131 gerekiyordu; ve (iii) pazara giri\u015f \u00f6n\u00fcnde \u00f6nemli ek engeller bulunuyordu. Perakendecilerin \u00f6nemli bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc tedarik\u00e7iye, yine \u00f6nemli bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ise di\u011fer b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00fcreticiye ba\u011fl\u0131yd\u0131; tedarik\u00e7i, dondurucu dolaplar\u0131n\u0131 yaln\u0131zca kendi \u00fcr\u00fcnleri i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 \u015fart\u0131yla \u00f6d\u00fcn\u00e7 veriyor, m\u00fcnhas\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 te\u015fvik etmek amac\u0131yla indirimler sunuyor ve talep olduk\u00e7a par\u00e7al\u0131 bir yap\u0131 g\u00f6steriyordu.<\/p>\n
Pratik a\u00e7\u0131dan, m\u00fcnhas\u0131r sat\u0131n alma y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerinin ge\u00e7erli olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n belirlenmesinde iki kriter \u00f6zellikle \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r: s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin s\u00fcresi ve y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn kapsad\u0131\u011f\u0131 al\u0131c\u0131 talebinin oran\u0131 (bkz. Dikey Blok Muafiyet T\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn 5. maddesinin 1. f\u0131kras\u0131 ve TFEU\u2019nun 101. maddesinin 3. f\u0131kras\u0131). Genel bir kural olarak, m\u00fcnhas\u0131r sat\u0131n alma y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn s\u00fcresi ne kadar k\u0131sa ve kapsad\u0131\u011f\u0131 talep oran\u0131 ne kadar d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckse, ge\u00e7erli kabul edilme olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 da o kadar y\u00fcksektir.<\/p>\n
Bu karar, tedarik\u00e7ilerin al\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan m\u00fcnhas\u0131r sat\u0131n alma y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckleri d\u00fczenlerken sahip olduklar\u0131 hareket alan\u0131n\u0131 teyit etmektedir. \u00d6zellikle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn s\u00fcresi be\u015f y\u0131l\u0131 a\u015fabilir; al\u0131c\u0131ya bu s\u00fcre boyunca sabit fiyat garantisi verilmesi zorunlu de\u011fildir ve bu t\u00fcr bir m\u00fcnhas\u0131r sat\u0131n alma y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc genel i\u015flem \u015fartlar\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda da kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131labilir.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Suppliers and purchasers often agree on framework supply agreements where the relationship is intended to go beyond a one-off purchase, in order to regulate the fundamental issues of a long-term business relationship in a uniform manner. These typically include the type and quality of the products, prices including payment terms, quality assurance and liability rules, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":29,"featured_media":55267,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-55264","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t