Uygulanabilir Yasal H\u00fck\u00fcmlerin \u00c7e\u015fitlili\u011fi<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fl\u0131kta ortaya at\u0131lan sorular\u0131n cevab\u0131 tek bir k\u0131sa c\u00fcmleyle \u00f6zetlenemez. Macaristan, Almanya ve Avrupa i\u015f hukukunun olu\u015fturdu\u011fu karma\u015f\u0131k sistem, Macaristan vatanda\u015f\u0131 bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma yeri olarak Almanya\u2019y\u0131 se\u00e7mesi durumunda \u00fc\u00e7 kademeli bir i\u015f hukuku \u00e7er\u00e7evesi ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131r. Bu makalede, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 olarak incelenen ge\u00e7erli hukuki durumu a\u00e7\u0131klayarak, bu karma\u015f\u0131k hukuki ortamda hukuki netlik arayan okuyuculara rehberlik etmeyi ama\u00e7l\u0131yoruz.<\/p>\n
\u0130lgili Alman Yasal H\u00fck\u00fcmleri<\/p>\n
\u00d6ncelikle, \u201cAlman yasal h\u00fck\u00fcmleri\u201d ifadesinin bir \u201cAlman \u0130\u015f Kanunu\u201d anlam\u0131na gelmedi\u011fine okuyucunun dikkatini \u00e7ekmek isteriz; zira Almanya\u2019da b\u00f6yle bir kanun mevcut de\u011fildir. Tarihsel nedenlerden \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc, Alman i\u015f hukuku par\u00e7al\u0131 bir yap\u0131ya sahiptir: Macaristan \u0130\u015f Kanunu\u2019nun aksine, hukuk sisteminin bu alana ili\u015fkin k\u0131sm\u0131 tek ve tek tip bir kanun halinde kodifiye edilmemi\u015ftir. Alman mevzuat\u0131n\u0131n temeli, \u00e7e\u015fitli Alman i\u015f hukuku kanunlar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra Alman Medeni Kanunu\u2019ndan olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u0130\u015f S\u00f6zle\u015fmesinde Macar Hukuku'nun uygulanaca\u011f\u0131 belirtilmi\u015f olsa bile, neden zorunlu Alman hukuki h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine uyulmas\u0131 gerekir?<\/p>\n
Bir Macar vatanda\u015f\u0131 Almanya\u2019da \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorsa, ge\u00e7erli Macar yasalar\u0131na ek olarak Alman i\u015f hukukunun zorunlu h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine de uyulmas\u0131 gerekir; zira Macaristan\u2019da kay\u0131tl\u0131 bir i\u015fverenin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131, i\u015f g\u00f6revlerini Almanya\u2019da yerine getirecektir. Bu, taraflar\u0131n s\u00f6zle\u015fmede aksi y\u00f6nde bir anla\u015fmaya varm\u0131\u015f olsalar bile belirli Alman kurallar\u0131n\u0131n ge\u00e7erli oldu\u011fu anlam\u0131na gelir.<\/p>\n
S\u00f6zle\u015fmeden do\u011fan y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklere uygulanacak hukuk hakk\u0131nda 17 Haziran 2008 tarihli Avrupa Parlamentosu ve Konseyi\u2019nin (EC) 593\/2008 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, yani Roma I\u2019in 8. maddesinin (1) ve (2) f\u0131kralar\u0131 uyar\u0131nca, i\u015fyerinin bulundu\u011fu yerin (Almanya) hukukundaki zorunlu h\u00fck\u00fcmlerden sap\u0131lmas\u0131na izin verilmez. Bu h\u00fck\u00fcm, ayn\u0131 zamanda \u201clex loci laboris\u201d ilkesinin bir yans\u0131mas\u0131 olarak Alman i\u015f hukukunun \u00f6nceli\u011fini de belirlemektedir; zira taraflar i\u015f ili\u015fkisine uygulanacak hukuku se\u00e7memi\u015flerse, s\u00f6zle\u015fme, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n i\u015fini ola\u011fan olarak y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fclkenin hukukuna tabidir. Bu durum, yaln\u0131zca herhangi bir hukuk se\u00e7imi yap\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 ve i\u015fyerinin Macaristan\u2019da bulunmas\u0131 halinde uygulanacak olan Macaristan \u0130\u015f Kanunu\u2019nun 3. maddesinin (2) f\u0131kras\u0131 ile tutarl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u0130\u015fveren, daha elveri\u015fli olan zorunlu Alman kurallar\u0131n\u0131 atlatmak amac\u0131yla, s\u00f6zle\u015fmede Alman i\u015f hukukunu hari\u00e7 tutarak Macar i\u015f hukukunun uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a \u015fart ko\u015fabilir mi?<\/p>\n
Bu ba\u011flamda \u00f6ncelikle, taraflar\u0131n i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinde Alman veya Macar i\u015f hukukunu ge\u00e7erli bir \u015fekilde se\u00e7ebilecekleri belirtilmelidir. Ancak bu se\u00e7im, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n menfaatlerini, yani i\u015fin yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fclkenin \u2014 bu durumda Almanya\u2019n\u0131n \u2014 zorunlu i\u015f hukuku h\u00fck\u00fcmlerini olumsuz etkilememelidir. Bu pratikte ne anlama gelir? Taraflar Macar hukukunun uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a sakl\u0131 tutarlarsa, Roma I T\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn 8. maddesi, zorunlu Alman kurallar\u0131ndan sapmaya izin vermez. Bunun nedeni, yasama organ\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlara tan\u0131nan yasal garantileri uygulamaya koymas\u0131d\u0131r. Hem Macar hem de Alman hukukunda belirli bir konuya ili\u015fkin zorunlu kurallar bulunuyorsa, daha y\u00fcksek koruma d\u00fczeyi sunan h\u00fck\u00fcm ge\u00e7erli olur. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, ilgili s\u00f6zle\u015fmede Macar i\u015f hukukunun a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a se\u00e7ilmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr, ancak yine de zorunlu Alman kurallar\u0131 ge\u00e7erli olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u00c7al\u0131\u015fan, Hangi \u00dclkede \u0130\u015fverenine Kar\u015f\u0131 Dava A\u00e7abilir?<\/p>\n
12 Aral\u0131k 2012 tarihli Avrupa Parlamentosu ve Konseyi\u2019nin (AB) 1215\/2012 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, i\u015fverenin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fana uygulanabilir yasal h\u00fck\u00fcmleri ihlal etti\u011fi durumlarda, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n dava a\u00e7abilmesi i\u00e7in \u00f6zel yarg\u0131 yerleri \u00f6ng\u00f6rmektedir. Bu T\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn 20 ila 23. maddeleri, dava a\u00e7mak i\u00e7in elveri\u015fli yarg\u0131 yerleri sa\u011flayarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar lehine kurallar getirmektedir. Bunlar, i\u015fverene kar\u015f\u0131 dava a\u00e7arken \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n yararlanabilece\u011fi elveri\u015fli se\u00e7enekleri tan\u0131mlayan, s\u00f6zde asimetrik yarg\u0131 yetkisi kurallar\u0131d\u0131r. Macaristan-Almanya ba\u011flam\u0131nda bu, olas\u0131 bir hukuki ihtilaf durumunda, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n hangi \u00fclkeden geldi\u011fine veya yasal istihdam amac\u0131yla halihaz\u0131rda hangi \u00fclkede ikamet etti\u011fine bak\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n, davay\u0131 Almanya\u2019da ya da Macaristan\u2019da a\u00e7may\u0131 se\u00e7ebilece\u011fi anlam\u0131na gelir. Bu \u201cmahkeme se\u00e7me \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\u201d, i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinde ge\u00e7erli bir \u015fekilde hari\u00e7 tutulamaz.<\/p>\n
\u00d6zet<\/p>\n
Giri\u015f b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde de belirtildi\u011fi \u00fczere, bu konu \u00fc\u00e7 d\u00fczeyde d\u00fczenlenmektedir; bu nedenle ilgili Macar, Alman ve Avrupa i\u015f hukuku \u00e7er\u00e7evelerini anlamak gerekmektedir. Bu son derece farkl\u0131la\u015fm\u0131\u015f d\u00fczenleme \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, hem i\u015fveren hem de \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan taraf\u0131nda hukuk uzmanlar\u0131na dan\u0131\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 tavsiye ederiz. Bu, durumun h\u0131zl\u0131 ve a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 maliyet gerektirmeden \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmesine yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilir; zira uygun \u015fekilde haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f bir i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi sayesinde olas\u0131 bir i\u015f hukuku uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6nlenebilir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, iyi d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f bir i\u015f ili\u015fkisinin her iki taraf i\u00e7in de arzu edilir oldu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. Bu t\u00fcr d\u00fczenlemelerin haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131 veya gerekti\u011finde uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmesi konusunda yard\u0131m i\u00e7in l\u00fctfen bizimle ileti\u015fime ge\u00e7mekten \u00e7ekinmeyin.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Variety of Applicable Legal Provisions The answer to the questions raised in the title cannot be summarised in a single short sentence. The complex system of Hungarian, German and European labour law creates a three-tier labour-law framework when an employee with Hungarian citizenship chooses Germany as their place of work. In this article, we aim […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":29,"featured_media":55276,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-55273","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t