Uygulanabilir Yasal H\u00fck\u00fcmlerin \u00c7e\u015fitlili\u011fi<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fl\u0131kta y\u00f6neltilen sorular\u0131n cevab\u0131n\u0131 tek bir k\u0131sa c\u00fcmleyle \u00f6zetlemek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. Macaristan, Almanya ve Avrupa i\u015f hukukunun olu\u015fturdu\u011fu karma\u015f\u0131k sistem, Macaristan vatanda\u015f\u0131 bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n Almanya\u2019da \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde \u00fc\u00e7 kademeli bir i\u015f hukuku \u00e7er\u00e7evesi ortaya \u00e7\u0131karmaktad\u0131r. Bu makalede, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 olarak ele al\u0131nan hukuki durumu a\u00e7\u0131klayarak bu karma\u015f\u0131k hukuki ortamda netlik arayan okuyucular\u0131m\u0131za yol g\u00f6stermeyi ama\u00e7l\u0131yoruz.<\/p>\n
\u0130lgili Alman Yasal H\u00fck\u00fcmleri<\/p>\n
\u00d6ncelikle, \u201cAlman yasal h\u00fck\u00fcmleri\u201d ifadesinin bir \u201cAlman \u0130\u015f Kanunu\u201d anlam\u0131na gelmedi\u011fine dikkat \u00e7ekmek isteriz; zira Almanya\u2019da bu ad alt\u0131nda tek bir kanun bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Tarihsel nedenlerle Alman i\u015f hukuku par\u00e7al\u0131 bir yap\u0131ya sahiptir. Macaristan \u0130\u015f Kanunu\u2019nun aksine, i\u015f hukukuna ili\u015fkin h\u00fck\u00fcmler tek ve b\u00fct\u00fcnc\u00fcl bir kanunda kodifiye edilmemi\u015ftir. Alman i\u015f hukukunun hukuki dayana\u011f\u0131n\u0131, \u00e7e\u015fitli i\u015f hukuku kanunlar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra Alman Medeni Kanunu\u2019nda yer alan h\u00fck\u00fcmler olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u0130\u015f S\u00f6zle\u015fmesinde Macar hukukunun uygulanaca\u011f\u0131 belirtilmi\u015f olsa bile, neden zorunlu Alman hukuki h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine uyulmas\u0131 gerekir?<\/p>\n
Bir Macaristan vatanda\u015f\u0131 Almanya\u2019da \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorsa, uygulanacak Macar hukukunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra Alman i\u015f hukukunun zorunlu h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin de dikkate al\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekir. Bunun nedeni, Macaristan\u2019da kay\u0131tl\u0131 bir i\u015fverenin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n\u0131n i\u015fini Almanya\u2019da yerine getirmesidir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla taraflar s\u00f6zle\u015fmede aksini kararla\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015f olsalar dahi belirli Alman hukuk kurallar\u0131 uygulanmaya devam eder.<\/p>\n
S\u00f6zle\u015fmeden do\u011fan bor\u00e7 ili\u015fkilerine uygulanacak hukuka ili\u015fkin 17 Haziran 2008 tarihli ve (AT) 593\/2008 say\u0131l\u0131 Avrupa Parlamentosu ve Konsey T\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn (Roma I) 8. maddesinin (1) ve (2) f\u0131kralar\u0131 uyar\u0131nca, i\u015fin yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fclkenin (Almanya) hukukunda yer alan ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131 koruyan emredici h\u00fck\u00fcmlerden hukuk se\u00e7imi yoluyla sap\u0131lamaz. Bu d\u00fczenleme ayn\u0131 zamanda \u201clex loci laboris\u201d ilkesini yans\u0131tmaktad\u0131r. Taraflar\u0131n i\u015f ili\u015fkisine uygulanacak hukuku se\u00e7memeleri h\u00e2linde i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n i\u015fini mutat olarak yerine getirdi\u011fi \u00fclkenin hukukuna tabidir. Bu yakla\u015f\u0131m, herhangi bir hukuk se\u00e7iminin yap\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve i\u015fyerinin Macaristan\u2019da bulundu\u011fu durumlarda uygulanacak olan Macaristan \u0130\u015f Kanunu\u2019nun 3. maddesinin (2) f\u0131kras\u0131yla da uyumludur.<\/p>\n
\u0130\u015fveren, daha elveri\u015fli olan zorunlu Alman kurallar\u0131n\u0131 atlatmak amac\u0131yla, s\u00f6zle\u015fmede Alman i\u015f hukukunu hari\u00e7 tutarak Macar i\u015f hukukunun uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a \u015fart ko\u015fabilir mi?<\/p>\n
Bu ba\u011flamda \u00f6ncelikle taraflar\u0131n i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinde Alman veya Macar hukukunun uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131 ge\u00e7erli \u015fekilde kararla\u015ft\u0131rabilecekleri belirtilmelidir. Ancak bu hukuk se\u00e7imi, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n i\u015fin yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fclkenin \u2014 bu durumda Almanya\u2019n\u0131n \u2014 hukukunun sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 emredici korumadan mahrum b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7amaz. Peki, bu uygulamada ne anlama gelmektedir? Taraflar\u0131n Macar hukukunun uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a kararla\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 h\u00e2linde dahi Roma I T\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn 8. maddesi uyar\u0131nca zorunlu Alman h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinden \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan aleyhine sap\u0131lmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. Bunun amac\u0131, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlara tan\u0131nan yasal koruman\u0131n g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131d\u0131r. Hem Macar hem de Alman hukukunda belirli bir konuya ili\u015fkin emredici h\u00fck\u00fcmler bulunmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fana daha y\u00fcksek d\u00fczeyde koruma sa\u011flayan d\u00fczenleme uygulan\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ilgili i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinde Macar i\u015f hukukunun uygulanmas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131labilir; ancak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131 koruyan zorunlu Alman h\u00fck\u00fcmleri yine de dikkate al\u0131nacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u00c7al\u0131\u015fan, Hangi \u00dclkede \u0130\u015fverenine Kar\u015f\u0131 Dava A\u00e7abilir?<\/p>\n
12 Aral\u0131k 2012 tarihli ve (AB) 1215\/2012 say\u0131l\u0131 Avrupa Parlamentosu ve Konsey T\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, i\u015fverenin i\u015f ili\u015fkisine uygulanabilir hukuki y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckleri ihlal etmesi h\u00e2linde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n dava a\u00e7abilece\u011fi yarg\u0131 yerlerine ili\u015fkin \u00f6zel kurallar \u00f6ng\u00f6rmektedir. T\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn 20 ila 23. maddeleri, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan lehine yarg\u0131 yetkisi kurallar\u0131 getirmektedir. Bunlar, i\u015fverene kar\u015f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lacak davalarda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fana \u00e7e\u015fitli se\u00e7enekler tan\u0131yan asimetrik yarg\u0131 yetkisi kurallar\u0131d\u0131r. Macaristan-Almanya ba\u011flam\u0131nda bu durum, olas\u0131 bir hukuki uyu\u015fmazl\u0131k h\u00e2linde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n, hangi \u00fclkenin vatanda\u015f\u0131 oldu\u011fundan veya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma amac\u0131yla h\u00e2lihaz\u0131rda hangi \u00fclkede ikamet etti\u011finden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olarak, ilgili ko\u015fullara g\u00f6re Almanya\u2019da veya Macaristan\u2019da dava a\u00e7abilmesi anlam\u0131na gelir. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fana tan\u0131nan bu yarg\u0131 yeri se\u00e7enekleri, i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesiyle ge\u00e7erli \u015fekilde ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lamaz.<\/p>\n
\u00d6zet<\/p>\n
Giri\u015f b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde de belirtildi\u011fi \u00fczere, konu \u00fc\u00e7 farkl\u0131 d\u00fczeyde d\u00fczenlenmektedir. Bu nedenle ilgili Macaristan, Almanya ve Avrupa i\u015f hukuku d\u00fczenlemelerinin birlikte de\u011ferlendirilmesi gerekir. Bu \u00e7ok katmanl\u0131 hukuki \u00e7er\u00e7eve kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda, hem i\u015fverenlerin hem de \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n hukuki dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131k almalar\u0131 tavsiye edilmektedir. B\u00f6ylece sorunlar\u0131n h\u0131zl\u0131 ve gereksiz maliyetlere yol a\u00e7madan \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olabilir. Ayr\u0131ca uygun \u015fekilde haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f bir i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi, olas\u0131 i\u015f hukuku uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesine yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, hukuki a\u00e7\u0131dan do\u011fru \u015fekilde d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f bir i\u015f ili\u015fkisi her iki taraf\u0131n da yarar\u0131nad\u0131r. Bu t\u00fcr s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerin haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131 veya gerekti\u011finde uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmesi konusunda yard\u0131m almak i\u00e7in l\u00fctfen bizimle ileti\u015fime ge\u00e7mekten \u00e7ekinmeyin.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Variety of Applicable Legal Provisions The answer to the questions raised in the title cannot be summarised in a single short sentence. The complex system of Hungarian, German and European labour law creates a three-tier labour-law framework when an employee with Hungarian citizenship chooses Germany as their place of work. In this article, we aim […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":29,"featured_media":55276,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-55273","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t