{"id":55380,"date":"2020-04-28T12:13:44","date_gmt":"2020-04-28T10:13:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nzp.de\/?p=55380"},"modified":"2026-08-06T12:19:12","modified_gmt":"2026-08-06T10:19:12","slug":"covid-19-obligation-to-file-for-insolvency-suspended-for-ug-gmbh-gmbh-co-kg-ag-and-registered-associations","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.nzp.de\/tr\/ug-gmbh-gmbh-co-kg-ag-ve-kayitli-dernekler-icin-covid-19-nedeniyle-iflas-basvurusunda-bulunma-yukumlulugu-askiya-alindi\/","title":{"rendered":"COVID-19: UG, GmbH, GmbH &amp; Co. KG, AG ve Tescilli Dernekler \u0130\u00e7in \u0130flas Ba\u015fvurusu Y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Ask\u0131ya Al\u0131nd\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Ne Zaman Ge\u00e7erlidir, Ne Zaman Ge\u00e7erli De\u011fildir?<\/p>\n<p>COVID-19 \u0130flas Ask\u0131ya Alma Kanunu (COVInsAG), 1 Mart 2020 tarihinden itibaren geriye d\u00f6n\u00fck olarak y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girmi\u015f ve belirli ko\u015fullar alt\u0131nda genel m\u00fcd\u00fcrlerin veya y\u00f6netim kurulu \u00fcyelerinin iflas ba\u015fvurusunda bulunma y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ask\u0131ya alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Buna e\u015flik eden bir tedbir olarak, COVID-19 pandemisinin yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 iflas h\u00e2llerinde \u015firket organlar\u0131n\u0131n sorumlulu\u011funu da s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>\u0130flas ba\u015fvurusunda bulunma y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ask\u0131ya al\u0131nmas\u0131 ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta 30 Eyl\u00fcl 2020 tarihine kadar ge\u00e7erlidir ve gerekti\u011finde Bundesrat\u2019\u0131n onay\u0131 aranmaks\u0131z\u0131n \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lacak bir d\u00fczenlemeyle en ge\u00e7 31 Mart 2021 tarihine kadar uzat\u0131labilir. Bu konunun nas\u0131l geli\u015fece\u011fi hen\u00fcz belli de\u011fildir (Nisan 2020 itibar\u0131yla).<\/p>\n<p>Ask\u0131ya Alma Ko\u015fullar\u0131:<br \/>\n\u0130flas ba\u015fvurusunda bulunma y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ask\u0131ya al\u0131nmas\u0131, iflas durumunun SARS-CoV-2\/COVID-19 pandemisinin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131ndan kaynaklanmamas\u0131 veya mevcut \u00f6deme aczinin giderilebilece\u011fine ili\u015fkin herhangi bir ihtimal bulunmamas\u0131 h\u00e2linde ge\u00e7erli de\u011fildir. \u015eirketin 31 Aral\u0131k 2019 tarihi itibar\u0131yla \u00f6deme aczi i\u00e7inde bulunmamas\u0131 h\u00e2linde Kanun, iflas durumunun COVID-19 pandemisinin etkilerinden kaynakland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve mevcut \u00f6deme aczinin giderilebilece\u011fine ili\u015fkin bir ihtimal bulundu\u011funu \u015firket lehine karine olarak kabul etmektedir.<\/p>\n<p>Kriz i\u00e7indeki bir \u015firketin y\u00f6netimi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan, 31 Aral\u0131k 2019 tarihi itibar\u0131yla \u00f6deme aczinin mevcut olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n belirlenmesi, genel m\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fcn veya y\u00f6netim kurulunun bu hususu \u00f6zel bir dikkatle incelemesini gerektirmektedir. 31 Aral\u0131k 2019 tarihine kadar \u00f6deme aczinin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n de\u011ferlendirilmesinde, Alman Federal Yarg\u0131tay\u0131n\u0131n yerle\u015fik i\u00e7tihad\u0131nda belirlenen ilkeler ge\u00e7erlili\u011fini korumaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Uygulamada g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fczere, genel m\u00fcd\u00fcrler ve y\u00f6netim kurulu \u00fcyeleri \u00f6deme aczi veya a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 bor\u00e7luluk kriterlerini \u00e7o\u011fu zaman kendi lehlerine olacak \u015fekilde geni\u015f yorumlamakta, ancak bu de\u011ferlendirme s\u0131kl\u0131kla hukuken hatal\u0131 olmaktad\u0131r. Bu durum d\u00fczenli olarak \u015firketin ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla genel m\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fcn veya y\u00f6netim kurulu \u00fcyesinin ki\u015fisel sorumlulu\u011funa yol a\u00e7makta; ayr\u0131ca iflas idarecisinin daha sonra \u00e7o\u011fu zaman do\u011frudan bilan\u00e7odan hareketle ileri s\u00fcrebilece\u011fi \u00e7ok say\u0131da iptal talebine neden olmaktad\u0131r.<br \/>\nKriz i\u00e7indeki bir \u015firketin genel m\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc veya y\u00f6netim kurulu, yaln\u0131zca ileride g\u00f6revlendirilebilecek iflas idarecisinin i\u015fini kolayla\u015ft\u0131rmakla yetinmeyip \u015firketi koronavir\u00fcs krizinden ba\u015far\u0131yla \u00e7\u0131karmak istiyorsa, \u015firketin durumunun iflas hukuku bak\u0131m\u0131ndan kapsaml\u0131 \u015fekilde de\u011ferlendirilmesi ve tespit edilmesi gerekmektedir. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te genel m\u00fcd\u00fcr veya y\u00f6netim kurulu profesyonel hukuki dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131k almaktan \u00e7ekinmemelidir.<\/p>\n<p>31 Aral\u0131k 2019 Tarihinden \u00d6nce Mevcut Olan A\u015f\u0131r\u0131 Bor\u00e7luluk Engel Te\u015fkil Etmez<\/p>\n<p>31 Aral\u0131k 2019 tarihinden \u00f6nce yaln\u0131zca a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 bor\u00e7luluk mevcut olup \u00f6deme aczi bulunmuyorsa, COVInsAG\u2019nin 1. maddesinin 3. c\u00fcmlesindeki a\u00e7\u0131k d\u00fczenleme, iflas durumunun koronavir\u00fcs pandemisinin etkilerinden kaynakland\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde yasal bir karine do\u011furmaktad\u0131r. Teknik a\u00e7\u0131dan bu durum \u015fa\u015f\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r. \u015eirketin 31 Aral\u0131k 2019 tarihinden \u00f6nce zaten a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 bor\u00e7lu olmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde, iflas durumunun en erken Ocak 2020\u2019de ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan bir pandemiye dayand\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 tarihsel a\u00e7\u0131dan m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. Bununla birlikte, bu d\u00fczenleme yasama organ\u0131n\u0131n de\u011fer yarg\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koymaktad\u0131r: A\u015f\u0131r\u0131 bor\u00e7luluk, Alman \u0130flas Kanunu\u2019nun (InsO) 19. maddesi uyar\u0131nca iflas s\u00fcrecinin ba\u015flat\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in bir neden olmaya devam etmekle birlikte, bu ba\u011flamda g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015fe g\u00f6re belirleyici kabul edilmemektedir. Bu y\u00f6ndeki e\u011filim yeni de\u011fildir. 2008 finansal piyasa krizi s\u0131ras\u0131nda da yasama organ\u0131n\u0131n a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 bor\u00e7lulu\u011fa yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 k\u00f6kl\u00fc bi\u00e7imde de\u011fi\u015fmi\u015ftir. FMStG\u2019nin 5. maddesiyle s\u00f6z konusu d\u00fczenleme, i\u015fletmenin devaml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn dikkate al\u0131nmas\u0131yla yumu\u015fat\u0131lmakla kalmam\u0131\u015f, ayn\u0131 zamanda esasl\u0131 bi\u00e7imde yeniden d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. Bununla birlikte, iflas idarecileri ve Alman Federal Yarg\u0131tay\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015fen i\u00e7tihad\u0131 a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 bor\u00e7lulu\u011fun \u00f6nemini vurgulamaya devam etmektedir. \u0130flas idarecileri bak\u0131m\u0131ndan bu maddi menfaat anla\u015f\u0131labilir olmakla birlikte, alacakl\u0131lar\u0131n korunmas\u0131n\u0131 esas alan Alman Federal Yarg\u0131tay\u0131, \u0130flas Kanunu\u2019nda h\u00e2len yer alan h\u00fck\u00fcmleri istikrarl\u0131 bi\u00e7imde uygulamaktad\u0131r. COVInsAG ile yasama organ\u0131n\u0131n, iflas s\u00fcrecinin ba\u015flat\u0131lmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7an bir neden olarak a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 bor\u00e7lulu\u011fun \u00f6nemini azaltma e\u011filimi devam etse de, dava deneyimlerimiz mahkemelerin genel olarak a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 bor\u00e7lulu\u011fun \u00f6nemini korumaya devam etti\u011fini g\u00f6stermektedir. <\/p>\n<p>\u00d6deme Aczinin Giderilmesi \u0130htimali, \u0130\u015fletmenin Gelece\u011fine \u0130li\u015fkin Yeni ve Son Derece Esnek Olumlu \u00d6ng\u00f6r\u00fcd\u00fcr<br \/>\n\u015eirketin 31 Aral\u0131k 2019 tarihi itibar\u0131yla \u00f6deme aczi i\u00e7inde bulunmamas\u0131 h\u00e2linde, yeni yasal d\u00fczenleme yeniden yap\u0131land\u0131rma ihtimalinin mevcut oldu\u011funu otomatik olarak ve uygulamada aksinin ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclmesini olduk\u00e7a g\u00fc\u00e7le\u015ftirecek \u015fekilde varsaymaktad\u0131r. Bu durum, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 bor\u00e7luluk hukukunda daha \u00f6nce g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015f bir sonuca yol a\u00e7maktad\u0131r: 31 Aral\u0131k 2019 tarihi itibar\u0131yla \u00f6deme g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn bulunmas\u0131, daha sonraki herhangi bir de\u011ferlendirme tarihinde \u2014 Eyl\u00fcl 2020\u2019de veya hatta Mart 2021\u2019de dahi \u2014 i\u015fletmenin devaml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin olumlu bir \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn mevcut oldu\u011fu sonucuna ula\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayabilir. Bu \u00f6nemli bir imk\u00e2n yaratmaktad\u0131r; zira Alman Federal Yarg\u0131tay\u0131 daha \u00f6nce a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 bor\u00e7luluk h\u00e2llerinde i\u015fletmenin devaml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin olumlu \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 olduk\u00e7a spesifik ve dar yorumlanan kriterlere ba\u011flamaktayd\u0131. Bunlar aras\u0131nda, basiretli bir y\u00f6neticinin bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ba\u015far\u0131 ihtimalinin a\u011f\u0131r basmas\u0131, tutarl\u0131 bir orta vadeli yeniden yap\u0131land\u0131rma ve likidite plan\u0131n\u0131n bulunmas\u0131 ve mali durumun haftal\u0131k olarak s\u0131k\u0131 bi\u00e7imde izlenmesi gibi \u015fartlar yer almaktayd\u0131. 2008 y\u0131l\u0131ndan beri uygulanan bu kat\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7eve \u015fimdilik bir kenara b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Art\u0131k, herhangi bir zaman s\u0131n\u0131rlamas\u0131 olmaks\u0131z\u0131n, mevcut \u00f6deme aczinin giderilebilece\u011fine ili\u015fkin bir ihtimalin bulunmas\u0131 yeterlidir. Ask\u0131ya alma yaln\u0131zca b\u00f6yle bir ihtimalin bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumlarda uygulanmaz. Ancak 1 Ekim 2020 tarihinden veya \u2014 beklendi\u011fi \u00fczere Kanun\u2019un s\u00fcresi uzat\u0131l\u0131rsa \u2014 1 Nisan 2021 tarihinden itibaren, \u00f6deme aczi o tarihte de devam ediyorsa yeni d\u00fczenleme, pandeminin etkilerinden zarar g\u00f6ren \u015firketler bak\u0131m\u0131ndan dahi iflas ba\u015fvurusunda bulunma y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc yeniden g\u00fcndeme getirmektedir. <\/p>\n<p>En az\u0131ndan sorumluluk davalar\u0131ndaki yarg\u0131 uygulamas\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan, ilgili \u015firketin ekonomik olarak toparlanma ihtimalinin yanl\u0131\u015f de\u011ferlendirilmesi riski olduk\u00e7a y\u00fcksektir. Ayr\u0131ca, \u00f6rne\u011fin g\u00f6revden alma talebinin s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011fu durumlarda, buna ili\u015fkin savunma ve ispat y\u00fck\u00fc genel m\u00fcd\u00fcr veya y\u00f6netim kurulu \u00fcyesinin \u00fczerinde olabilir. Bununla birlikte yasama organ\u0131, bu t\u00fcr bir yanl\u0131\u015f de\u011ferlendirmeden do\u011fan riski en az\u0131ndan ge\u00e7ici olarak genel m\u00fcd\u00fcr veya y\u00f6netim kurulu \u00fcyesinin \u00fczerinden \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde kald\u0131rmay\u0131 ama\u00e7lamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>When Does It Apply and When Does It Not? The so-called Covid-19 Insolvency Suspension Act (COVInsAG) entered into force retroactively as of 1 March 2020 and, subject to certain conditions, suspends the obligation of managing directors or board members to file for insolvency. It also limits, as an accompanying measure, the liability of corporate bodies [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":29,"featured_media":55381,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[139],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-55380","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news-en"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.0.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"When Does It Apply and When Does It Not? The so-called Covid-19 Insolvency Suspension Act (COVInsAG) entered into force retroactively as of 1 March 2020 and, subject to certain conditions, suspends the obligation of managing directors or board members to file for insolvency. It also limits, as an accompanying measure, the liability of corporate bodies\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Vajk Varai-Jeges\"\/>\n\t<meta name=\"google-site-verification\" content=\"0ZCEmvP3Jss6hqLOqbcJenXmykbTzE02xFLyiDZx5i8\" \/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nzp.de\/tr\/ug-gmbh-gmbh-co-kg-ag-ve-kayitli-dernekler-icin-covid-19-nedeniyle-iflas-basvurusunda-bulunma-yukumlulugu-askiya-alindi\/\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"generator\" content=\"All in One SEO (AIOSEO) 5.0.0.1\" \/>\n\t\t<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"aioseo-schema\">\n\t\t\t{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.nzp.de\\\/tr\\\/ug-gmbh-gmbh-co-kg-ag-ve-kayitli-dernekler-icin-covid-19-nedeniyle-iflas-basvurusunda-bulunma-yukumlulugu-askiya-alindi\\\/#article\",\"name\":\"Covid-19: Obligation to File for Insolvency Suspended for UG, GmbH, GmbH & Co. KG, AG and Registered Associations | NZP NAGY LEGAL\",\"headline\":\"Covid-19: Obligation to File for Insolvency Suspended for UG, GmbH, GmbH &#038; Co. 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