Vir\u00fcs Sonras\u0131 \u0130\u015fyerine D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f: \u0130\u015fveren, \u00c7al\u0131\u015fanlardan Ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k Kan\u0131t\u0131 Talep Edebilir mi? E\u011fer \u00d6yleyse, Hangi Veri Koruma Y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckleri Ge\u00e7erlidir?<\/p>\n
COVID-19 pandemisinin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc dalgas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan ge\u00e7en haftalarda, giderek daha fazla say\u0131da i\u015fveren y\u00fcz y\u00fcze \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya yeniden ba\u015flama karar\u0131 ald\u0131. Bu durum, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n eski i\u015fyerlerine, hatta tamamen yeni i\u015fyerlerine toplu olarak d\u00f6nmelerine yol a\u00e7abilir. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki makalede, bu geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f s\u00fcrecinde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kabilecek i\u015f hukuku ve veri koruma konular\u0131 ele al\u0131nmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Macaristan \u0130\u015f Kanunu\u2019na g\u00f6re i\u015fveren, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fandan i\u015f ili\u015fkisinin kurulmas\u0131, s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclmesi veya sona erdirilmesi ya da i\u015f ili\u015fkisinden do\u011fan taleplerin ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclmesi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131yan bir beyanda bulunmas\u0131n\u0131 veya ki\u015fisel verilerini a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131n\u0131 talep edebilir (10. maddenin 1. f\u0131kras\u0131).<\/p>\n
Enfeksiyon veya ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k durumuna ili\u015fkin bilgilerin, i\u015f ili\u015fkisinin y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. Daha \u00f6nce i\u015f arkada\u015flar\u0131yla yak\u0131n mesafede \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bir ki\u015finin enfekte oldu\u011funun do\u011frulanmas\u0131n\u0131n, sonraki haftalarda i\u015fyerinin organizasyonu \u00fczerinde yaratabilece\u011fi etkiyi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek yeterlidir. Pandeminin ilk iki dalgas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda edinilen deneyimler dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, i\u015fverenlerin bu t\u00fcr aksakl\u0131klar\u0131 \u00f6nleme konusunda a\u00e7\u0131k bir menfaati bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bu ba\u011flamda, Macaristan \u0130\u015f Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve G\u00fcvenli\u011fi Kanunu\u2019na g\u00f6re i\u015fverenler, g\u00fcvenli ve sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak amac\u0131yla, de\u011fi\u015fen ko\u015fullar\u0131 da dikkate alarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n i\u015f sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve g\u00fcvenli\u011fini korumak i\u00e7in gerekli t\u00fcm \u00f6nlemleri almakla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr (54. maddenin 7. f\u0131kras\u0131).<\/p>\n
\u0130\u015fyerine gelen t\u00fcm \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n onaylanm\u0131\u015f bir a\u015f\u0131 yapt\u0131rm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011fa sahip olma ihtimallerinin y\u00fcksek olmas\u0131, baz\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131k koruma \u00f6nlemlerinin hafifletilmesini hakl\u0131 k\u0131labilir. Bu nedenle i\u015fverenlerin, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n\u0131n a\u015f\u0131 ve ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k durumlar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda zaman\u0131nda ve kapsaml\u0131 bilgi edinme konusunda me\u015fru bir menfaati bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bu husus, i\u015fverenlerin i\u015fyerindeki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 daha etkin bi\u00e7imde organize etmelerine ve verimlili\u011fi pandemi \u00f6ncesi seviyelere yakla\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131na imk\u00e2n sa\u011flamas\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00f6zellikle \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n
Bu yakla\u015f\u0131m, Macaristan Ulusal Veri Koruma ve Bilgi Edinme \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Kurumu (NAIH) taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131mlanan k\u0131lavuzda da benimsenmi\u015ftir (Referans No. NAIH-3903-1\/2021). Kurum, istihdam, i\u015f g\u00fcvenli\u011fi, i\u015f sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 veya i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc y\u00f6netimi ama\u00e7lar\u0131 do\u011frultusunda ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131k ve g\u00fcvenli\u011fini tehdit eden i\u015fyerindeki biyolojik maruziyete ili\u015fkin objektif bir risk de\u011ferlendirmesine dayan\u0131larak, belirli pozisyonlar veya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan gruplar\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan i\u015fverenin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n koronavir\u00fcse kar\u015f\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011fa sahip olup olmad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenmesinin gerekli ve orant\u0131l\u0131 olabilece\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belirtmektedir.<\/p>\n
Kurumun yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131, \u0130\u015f Kanunu\u2019nun temelindeki ama\u00e7la da yak\u0131ndan \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015fmektedir. NAIH k\u0131lavuzuna g\u00f6re bu d\u00fczenlemenin amac\u0131, bir yandan a\u015f\u0131 olmu\u015f \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131, di\u011fer yandan i\u015f arkada\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 ve ayr\u0131ca m\u00fc\u015fteriler gibi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanla temas edebilecek \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015fileri korumakt\u0131r. Bunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, i\u015fverenlerin yasal y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerini yerine getirmelerine de imk\u00e2n sa\u011flamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
NAIH, a\u015f\u0131 durumuna ili\u015fkin bilgilerin GDPR kapsam\u0131nda sa\u011fl\u0131k verisi te\u015fkil etti\u011fini vurgulamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u0130\u015fverenler, y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckteki veri koruma kurallar\u0131 uyar\u0131nca veri sorumlusu olarak kabul edildi\u011finden (GDPR Madde 4(7)), ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdikleri her t\u00fcrl\u00fc ki\u015fisel veri i\u015fleme faaliyetinin hukuka uygunlu\u011funu sa\u011flamakla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcrler. \u0130\u015fverenler, veri i\u015flemenin amac\u0131n\u0131 ve hukuki dayana\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlara gecikmeksizin ve a\u00e7\u0131k bir \u015fekilde bildirmelidir.<\/p>\n
Yukar\u0131da a\u00e7\u0131klanan hususlar do\u011frultusunda, veri i\u015flemenin amac\u0131 nispeten a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r: i\u015fyeri g\u00fcvenli\u011fini sa\u011flamak ve i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn hukuka uygun \u015fekilde y\u00f6netilmesini kolayla\u015ft\u0131rmak. Genellikle hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n ge\u00e7irilmesinden ziyade a\u015f\u0131lama yoluyla kazan\u0131lan ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k durumunun \u00f6neminin ayr\u0131ca a\u00e7\u0131klanmas\u0131na ise neredeyse gerek yoktur.<\/p>\n
NAIH ayr\u0131ca, bu t\u00fcr veri i\u015flemenin tek amac\u0131n\u0131n, i\u015fverenlerin i\u015f hukuku, i\u015f g\u00fcvenli\u011fi, i\u015f sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve i\u015f organizasyonuna ili\u015fkin y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerini yerine getirmek i\u00e7in gerekli \u00f6nlemleri alabilmelerini sa\u011flamak ve bu kapsamda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n COVID-19\u2019a kar\u015f\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011fa sahip olup olmad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 belirlemek olabilece\u011fine dikkat \u00e7ekmektedir.<\/p>\n
Kurum ayr\u0131ca, veri i\u015fleme amac\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7ek ve kan\u0131tlanabilir olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini vurgulamaktad\u0131r. Buna g\u00f6re, bir i\u015fveren bu t\u00fcr bilgileri toplamaya karar verirse, s\u00f6z konusu bilgileri ger\u00e7ekten uygun \u00f6nlemleri almak amac\u0131yla kullanmal\u0131 ve al\u0131nan \u00f6nlemleri usul\u00fcne uygun \u015fekilde belgelendirmelidir. Ayr\u0131ca, i\u015flenen verilerin kapsam\u0131, belirlenen amaca ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in uygun ve gerekli olanla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 tutulmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Ayr\u0131ca, GDPR\u2019nin veri minimizasyonu ilkesinden (5. maddenin 1. f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (c) bendi) bahsetmek de \u00f6nemlidir. Bu ilke uyar\u0131nca yaln\u0131zca belirtilen ama\u00e7 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan gerekli ve orant\u0131l\u0131 olan sa\u011fl\u0131k verileri i\u015flenebilir.<\/p>\n
Koronavir\u00fcse kar\u015f\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n belgelendirilmesine ili\u015fkin 60\/2021 (II.12.) say\u0131l\u0131 H\u00fck\u00fcmet Kararnamesi, a\u015f\u0131 durumunun kaydedildi\u011fi resm\u00ee kay\u0131tlar\u0131 d\u00fczenlemekte ve bu kay\u0131tlar\u0131n tutulmas\u0131ndan sorumlu makamlar\u0131 belirlemektedir. Kararname ayr\u0131ca, ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n Macaristan Elektronik Sa\u011fl\u0131k Hizmetleri Platformu (EESZT) operat\u00f6r\u00fc taraf\u0131ndan sa\u011flanan bir uygulama veya resm\u00ee ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k sertifikas\u0131 arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla kan\u0131tlanabilece\u011fini \u00f6ng\u00f6rmektedir.<\/p>\n
Bu kurallara g\u00f6re i\u015fverenler, yaln\u0131zca uygulamada veya resm\u00ee bir belge niteli\u011findeki ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k sertifikas\u0131nda yer alan verileri i\u015fleyebilirler. Bu ama\u00e7la, koronavir\u00fcse kar\u015f\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011fa ili\u015fkin herhangi bir ek bilgi hukuka uygun \u015fekilde toplanamaz veya i\u015flenemez.<\/p>\n
Sa\u011fl\u0131k verilerinin i\u015flenmesinin gereklili\u011fi ve orant\u0131l\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 konusunda NAIH, bu t\u00fcr \u00f6nlemlerin ancak risk seviyesinin yeterince y\u00fcksek oldu\u011fu durumlarda hakl\u0131 g\u00f6sterilebilece\u011fini de vurgulamaktad\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin, i\u015f arkada\u015flar\u0131yla temas nedeniyle enfeksiyona maruz kalma riskinin \u00f6nemli bir fakt\u00f6r olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcrekli uzaktan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma h\u00e2linde, ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011fa ili\u015fkin bilgilerin kapsaml\u0131 bi\u00e7imde toplanmas\u0131n\u0131n gereklili\u011fi ortaya konulamaz.<\/p>\n
Orant\u0131l\u0131l\u0131k ilkesi ayr\u0131ca, i\u015fverenlerin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlardan yaln\u0131zca uygulamay\u0131 g\u00f6stermelerini veya ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k sertifikas\u0131n\u0131 ibraz etmelerini talep edebilecekleri anlam\u0131na gelir. \u0130\u015fverenler bu belgelerin kopyas\u0131n\u0131 alamaz, belgeleri tarayamaz veya foto\u011fraflayamaz; ayr\u0131ca belgelerde yer alan bilgileri herhangi bir \u015fekilde saklayamazlar.<\/p>\n
\u0130\u015fverenler, ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k sertifikalar\u0131n\u0131 kontrol ederek uygun organizasyonel \u00f6nlemleri alabilirler. \u00d6rne\u011fin, hen\u00fcz ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k kazanmam\u0131\u015f \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlardan uzaktan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya devam etmelerini isteyebilir veya ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 olmayan bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma alan\u0131n\u0131, ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 bulunan bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma alan\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131na yerle\u015ftirebilirler.<\/p>\n
Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, a\u015f\u0131lama ve bunun sonucunda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k durumunun i\u015f hukuku, i\u015f sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve g\u00fcvenli\u011fi ile veri koruma alanlar\u0131nda \u00f6nemli sonu\u00e7lar do\u011furdu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. Bu \u00f6zet, konuya ili\u015fkin en \u00f6nemli hususlar\u0131 ortaya koymaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bu konuda veya ba\u015fka herhangi bir hukuki meselede, ister i\u015fveren ister \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan olarak hukuki dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131\u011fa ihtiya\u00e7 duyman\u0131z h\u00e2linde, l\u00fctfen ofisimizle ileti\u015fime ge\u00e7mekten \u00e7ekinmeyin.<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Back to the Workplace After the Virus: Can an Employer Request Proof of Immunity from Employees? If So, What Data Protection Obligations Apply? In the weeks following the third wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, an increasing number of employers have decided to resume in-person work, which may result in the mass return of employees to […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":32,"featured_media":55421,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[139],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-55420","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news-en"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t