Devlet taraf\u0131ndan zorunlu k\u0131l\u0131nan forinte \u00e7evirme i\u015flemine ra\u011fmen, ulusal mahkeme, d\u00f6viz cinsinden kredi s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinde d\u00f6viz kuru riskinin tamam\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcketiciye y\u00fcklenmesinin banka taraf\u0131ndan haks\u0131z bir s\u00f6zle\u015fme \u015fart\u0131 olu\u015fturup olu\u015fturmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 incelemek zorundad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Y\u0131llard\u0131r, Macaristan Y\u00fcksek Mahkemesinin (K\u00faria) yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131ndan etkilenen ve bankalar lehine kararlar verilmesine yol a\u00e7an Macar mahkemeleri uygulamas\u0131n\u0131n hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011funu savunuyoruz. Bu konudaki g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcz N\u00e9pszabads\u00e1g gazetesinde yay\u0131mlanan makalede ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 olarak a\u00e7\u0131klanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Hukuk b\u00fcromuzun Macaristan\u2019daki d\u00f6viz kredilerine ili\u015fkin uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klarla ilgilenmeye ba\u015flamas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan \u00e7ok say\u0131da ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 sonu\u00e7 elde ettik ve bir\u00e7ok Macar ailenin evinin cebri a\u00e7\u0131k art\u0131rmayla sat\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemeyi ba\u015fard\u0131k. K\u00faria taraf\u0131ndan benimsenen ve bize g\u00f6re makul olmayan yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n AB d\u00fczeyinde incelenmesi gerekti\u011fini s\u00fcrekli olarak savunduk.<\/p>\n
Bu inceleme art\u0131k ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir: Avrupa Birli\u011fi Adalet Divan\u0131n\u0131n \u0130kinci Dairesi, ileri s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz hukuki arg\u00fcmanlarla tamamen \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015fen bir karar vermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Davada ABAD, t\u00fcketici s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerindeki haks\u0131z \u015fartlara ili\u015fkin AB Direktifi\u2019nde yer alan bir istisnan\u0131n ulusal mahkemeler taraf\u0131ndan uygulan\u0131p uygulanamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 incelemek zorunda kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu istisnaya g\u00f6re, emredici kanun h\u00fck\u00fcmleri gere\u011fince s\u00f6zle\u015fmeye d\u00e2hil edilen bir s\u00f6zle\u015fme \u015fart\u0131n\u0131n haks\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131, kural olarak denetime tabi de\u011fildir. Macar kanun koyucu ise daha sonra \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir kanunla, bankalar lehine sonu\u00e7 do\u011furan ve keyf\u00ee nitelikte oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz forinte \u00e7evirme i\u015flemini s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin bir par\u00e7as\u0131 h\u00e2line getirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. ABAD\u2019\u0131n buna verdi\u011fi cevap a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a olumsuz olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
Mahkemeye g\u00f6re, sonradan ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen devlet m\u00fcdahalesi, d\u00f6viz kuru riskinin t\u00fcketiciye y\u00fcklenmesine ili\u015fkin s\u00f6zle\u015fme \u015fart\u0131n\u0131n haks\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n incelenmesini engellemez. K\u00faria bug\u00fcne kadar bunun aksi y\u00f6n\u00fcnde bir yakla\u015f\u0131m benimsemi\u015f oldu\u011fundan, ABAD bu incelemenin hangi \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fctlere g\u00f6re yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi konusunda ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamalarda bulunmu\u015ftur:<\/p>\n
\u201cA\u00e7\u0131k ve anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r\u201d bi\u00e7imde kaleme al\u0131nma \u015fart\u0131, d\u00f6viz kuru riskine ili\u015fkin s\u00f6zle\u015fme h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fcn t\u00fcketici taraf\u0131ndan yaln\u0131zca \u015feklen ve dilbilgisi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan de\u011fil, somut i\u00e7eri\u011fi ve ekonomik sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan da anla\u015f\u0131labilir olmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektirir. Ba\u015fka bir ifadeyle, ortalama bir t\u00fcketici yaln\u0131zca ulusal para biriminin kredinin kulland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 yabanc\u0131 para birimi kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda de\u011fer kaybedebilece\u011fini anlayabilmeli de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda b\u00f6yle bir s\u00f6zle\u015fme \u015fart\u0131n\u0131n mali y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckleri \u00fczerinde do\u011furabilece\u011fi potansiyel olarak \u00f6nemli ekonomik sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 da de\u011ferlendirebilmelidir.<\/p>\n
Bu ba\u011flamda, s\u00f6zle\u015fme h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin a\u00e7\u0131k ve anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011ferlendirilirken s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin kuruldu\u011fu tarihte mevcut olan ve s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin kurulmas\u0131yla ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 t\u00fcm ko\u015fullar\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin di\u011fer b\u00fct\u00fcn h\u00fck\u00fcmleri de dikkate al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu h\u00fck\u00fcmlerden baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n daha sonra ulusal kanun koyucu taraf\u0131ndan haks\u0131z olarak kabul edilmi\u015f veya haks\u0131z olduklar\u0131 varsay\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve bu nedenle ge\u00e7ersiz say\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 bu de\u011ferlendirmeyi de\u011fi\u015ftirmez.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Despite the state-mandated conversion into forints, the national court must examine whether the bank acted unfairly when, in a foreign-currency loan agreement, it shifted the entire exchange-rate risk onto the consumer. For years, we have emphasised that the practice of the Hungarian courts, inspired by the Curia, under which they repeatedly ruled in favour of […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":29,"featured_media":55500,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-55498","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t