{"id":55673,"date":"2018-09-21T09:05:48","date_gmt":"2018-09-21T07:05:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nzp.de\/?p=55673"},"modified":"2026-08-11T09:15:29","modified_gmt":"2026-08-11T07:15:29","slug":"on-the-need-for-translation-of-documents-in-service-within-the-european-union","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.nzp.de\/tr\/avrupa-birligi-bunyesinde-gorev-yapan-personelin-belgelerinin-tercume-edilmesi-gerekliligi-uzerine\/","title":{"rendered":"Avrupa Birli\u011fi\u2019nde Tebligat Amac\u0131yla Belgelerin Terc\u00fcme Edilmesi Gereklili\u011fi"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Bir hukuk\u00ee veya ticari uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011fa ili\u015fkin adli veya gayri adli bir belgenin tebli\u011f amac\u0131yla bir AB \u00fcye devletinden ba\u015fka bir \u00fcye devlete iletilmesi gerekti\u011finde, 13 Kas\u0131m 2007 tarihli ve (AT) 1393\/2007 say\u0131l\u0131 Avrupa Parlamentosu ve Konsey T\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fc (Hukuk\u00ee veya Ticari Konularda Adli ve Gayri Adli Belgelerin \u00dcye Devletlerde Tebli\u011fi Hakk\u0131nda T\u00fcz\u00fck) uygulan\u0131r. AB Tebligat T\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, tebli\u011f edilecek belgenin terc\u00fcme edilmesinin gerekip gerekmedi\u011fini ve gerekti\u011finde hangi dile terc\u00fcme edilmesi gerekti\u011fini d\u00fczenlemektedir.<\/p>\n<p>Yap\u0131 ve Uygulamaya Y\u00f6nelik A\u00e7\u0131klamalar<br \/>\nAB Tebligat T\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fc uyar\u0131nca, tebli\u011f edilecek bir belgenin terc\u00fcme edilip edilmeyece\u011fine ili\u015fkin karar, belgenin tebli\u011fini talep eden ki\u015fiye b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Bununla birlikte, belge a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki dillerden birinde d\u00fczenlenmemi\u015fse veya bu dillerden birine yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f terc\u00fcmesi eklenmemi\u015fse, muhatap tebli\u011f s\u0131ras\u0131nda belgeyi kabul etmeyi reddedebilir veya belgeyi bir hafta i\u00e7inde iade edebilir:<br \/>\na) muhatab\u0131n anlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir dil veya<br \/>\nb) tebligat\u0131n yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 \u00fcye devletin resm\u00ee dillerinden biri.<\/p>\n<p>Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla iki pratik se\u00e7enek bulunmaktad\u0131r:<\/p>\n<p class=\"translation-block\">1.  Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7tan itibaren herhangi bir risk al\u0131nmak istenmiyorsa, tebli\u011f edilecek belge tebligat\u0131n yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 \u00dcye Devletin resm\u00ee dillerinden birine terc\u00fcme edilmelidir. \u0130lgili \u00dcye Devlette birden fazla resm\u00ee dil bulunabilir ve bu dillerden baz\u0131lar\u0131 yaln\u0131zca \u00fclkenin belirli b\u00f6lgelerinde kullan\u0131labilir. Bu se\u00e7ene\u011fin tercih edilmesi terc\u00fcme masraflar\u0131n\u0131 da beraberinde getirir.<br>\n2.  Bu masraflardan ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmak isteniyorsa, belge, tebli\u011fi talep eden ki\u015finin muhatab\u0131n anlayabilece\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bir dilde tebli\u011f edilebilir. Muhatap belgeyi kabul etmeyi reddederse terc\u00fcme daha sonra sunulabilir.<br>\n\u0130kinci se\u00e7enekte, muhatab\u0131n tebligat\u0131 ge\u00e7erli bi\u00e7imde reddetmesi h\u00e2linde s\u00fcrelerin ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 konusunda kural olarak bir risk bulunmamaktad\u0131r. AB Tebligat T\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn 8. maddesinin 3. f\u0131kras\u0131 uyar\u0131nca belge, genel olarak ancak ikinci tebligat, yani terc\u00fcmesiyle birlikte yap\u0131lan tebligat sonucunda tebli\u011f edilmi\u015f say\u0131l\u0131r. Bununla birlikte, bir \u00dcye Devletin hukukuna g\u00f6re belgenin belirli bir s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde tebli\u011f edilmesi gerekiyorsa ba\u015fvuran bak\u0131m\u0131ndan ilk tebligat \u2014 yani terc\u00fcme olmaks\u0131z\u0131n yap\u0131lan tebligat \u2014 esas al\u0131n\u0131r.<br>\n\u0130\u00e7tihat<br>\nAB Tebligat T\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, \u00f6zellikle t\u00fczel ki\u015filer bak\u0131m\u0131ndan kimin \u201cmuhatap\u201d olarak kabul edilece\u011fini tan\u0131mlamamakta ve muhatab\u0131n belirli bir dili hangi durumda \u201canlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n\u201d kabul edilece\u011fini de d\u00fczenlememektedir. Bu \u015fartlar i\u00e7tihatlarla, \u00f6zellikle Avrupa Birli\u011fi Adalet Divan\u0131n\u0131n 8 May\u0131s 2008 tarihli C-14\/07 say\u0131l\u0131 <i>Ingenieurb\u00fcro M. Weiss und Partner GbR\/IHK Berlin<\/i> karar\u0131yla (NJW 2008, 1721) a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011fa kavu\u015fturulmu\u015ftur. S\u00f6z konusu karar, Alman Federal Yarg\u0131tay\u0131n\u0131n 21 Aral\u0131k 2006 tarihli VII ZR 164\/05 say\u0131l\u0131 \u00f6n karar ba\u015fvurusu (EuZW 2007, 187) \u00fczerine verilmi\u015ftir.<br>\nBa\u015fl\u0131ca hususlar \u015funlard\u0131r:<br>\na) \u201cMuhatap\u201d<br>\nMahkemeler bu konuda yeknesak bir yakla\u015f\u0131m benimsememi\u015ftir.<br>\n\u2022  G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f 1: \u0130lgili dil bilgisi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan, s\u00f6z konusu i\u015flemden sorumlu ki\u015finin dil yeterlili\u011fi esas al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu ki\u015fi, mevcutsa genellikle \u015firketin hukuk departman\u0131ndaki sorumlu ki\u015fidir. \u00d6rne\u011fin Almanya pazar\u0131ndan sorumlu sat\u0131\u015f m\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn Almancay\u0131 \u00e7ok iyi bilmesi bu a\u00e7\u0131dan belirleyici de\u011fildir (Frankfurt am Main B\u00f6lge Mahkemesi, 3 Nisan 2014, 2-03 O 95\/13, BeckRS 2014, 16716).<br>\n\u2022  G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f 2: \u0130\u015f b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne g\u00f6re \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmi\u015f bir i\u015fletmede gerekli dil yeterlili\u011fi de\u011ferlendirilirken belgeyi fiilen teslim alan ki\u015fiye odaklan\u0131lmamal\u0131d\u0131r. Bunun yerine, \u015firket b\u00fcnyesinde ilgili dil bilgisine sahip ki\u015filerin bulunup bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 veya \u015firketin belirli bir \u00fclkedeki ticari faaliyetlerinin kapsam\u0131 dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bu dil bilgisine sahip olmas\u0131n\u0131n beklenip beklenemeyece\u011fi de\u011ferlendirilmelidir (Berlin-Mitte Yerel Mahkemesi, 8 Mart 2017, 15 C 364\/16, IPRax 2018, 408). Bir yandan muhatab\u0131n \u015firket i\u00e7indeki mevcut kaynaklardan yararlanmas\u0131 beklenebilir; di\u011fer yandan \u015firket i\u00e7indeki personel de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri g\u00f6nderen taraf\u0131ndan bilinemeyecek i\u00e7 meselelerdir (\u00f6rne\u011fin bkz. Erding Yerel Mahkemesi, 5 Aral\u0131k 2013, 4 C 1702\/13, BeckRS 2014, 16268).<br>\nb) \u201cAnlamak\u201d<br>\n\u2022  Dil yeterlili\u011fi, muhatab\u0131n resm\u00ee belgeleri ve bu belgelerde kullan\u0131lan hukuk dilini anlayabilmesine imk\u00e2n verecek d\u00fczeyde olmal\u0131d\u0131r (Frankfurt am Main B\u00f6lge Mahkemesi, 3 Nisan 2014, 2-03 O 95\/13, BeckRS 2014, 16716).<br>\n\u2022  Belirli bir dili anlay\u0131p anlamad\u0131\u011f\u0131na tek ba\u015f\u0131na muhatap karar veremez; aksi takdirde tebligat\u0131n ge\u00e7erlili\u011fi fiilen muhatab\u0131n de\u011ferlendirmesine b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olur.<br>\n\u2022  Yaz\u0131\u015fmalarda ve s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin ifas\u0131nda belirli bir dilin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6ren bir h\u00fckm\u00fcn kabul edilmi\u015f olmas\u0131, tek ba\u015f\u0131na kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan dilin bilindi\u011fini g\u00f6stermez. Bununla birlikte, \u00f6zellikle h\u00fckm\u00fcn kamu makamlar\u0131 ve kurumlar\u0131yla yap\u0131lacak ileti\u015fimi de kapsamas\u0131 h\u00e2linde bu durum bir g\u00f6sterge olu\u015fturabilir.<br>\n\u2022  Di\u011fer olas\u0131 g\u00f6stergeler \u015funlard\u0131r:<br><\/p>\n<p class=\"translation-block\">o  Muhatap, tebli\u011f edilen belgenin dilinde daha \u00f6nce fiilen yaz\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015fsa bu durum dil bilgisine i\u015faret edebilir. Yaz\u0131lar\u0131 bizzat kaleme alm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 veya ilgili dili bilen bir ki\u015fiden yard\u0131m alm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131, yaz\u0131lar\u0131 kendisi imzalad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcrece belirleyici de\u011fildir (Bonn B\u00f6lge Mahkemesi, 30 Kas\u0131m 2010, 10 O 502\/09, BeckRS 2011, 21269).<br>\no  As\u0131l s\u00f6zle\u015fmede, uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klar bak\u0131m\u0131ndan g\u00f6nderen \u00dcye Devletin mahkemelerine yetki veren veya s\u00f6zle\u015fmeyi o \u00dcye Devletin hukukuna tabi k\u0131lan h\u00fck\u00fcmler bulunmas\u0131.<br>\no  Muhatab\u0131n mahkemeye Almanca cevap vermi\u015f ve cevab\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7eri\u011fi, bi\u00e7imi ve ifade tarz\u0131yla hukuki talebini Almanca a\u00e7\u0131klayabildi\u011fini g\u00f6stermi\u015f olmas\u0131 (D\u00fcsseldorf B\u00f6lge Mahkemesi, 12 Ocak 2010, 4b O 286\/08, BeckRS 2011, 03329).<br>\no  Muhatab\u0131n, ba\u015fvuran taraf\u0131ndan dava \u00f6ncesinde g\u00f6nderilen bir yaz\u0131ya Almanca cevap vermi\u015f olmas\u0131 (Berlin-Mitte Yerel Mahkemesi, 8 Mart 2017, 15 C 364\/16, IPRax 2018, 408).<br>\no  Muhatab\u0131n Almanca bir internet sitesi i\u015fletmesi ve .de alan ad\u0131 kullanmas\u0131 (Berlin-Mitte Yerel Mahkemesi, 8 Mart 2017, 15 C 364\/16, IPRax 2018, 408).<br>\no  Muhatab\u0131n belirli bir \u00fclkedeki ticari faaliyetlerinin kapsam\u0131 nedeniyle \u2014 \u00f6rne\u011fin Almanya\u2019da 20 milyondan fazla m\u00fc\u015fteriye sahip olmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde \u2014 ilgili dili bilen ve hukuk e\u011fitimi alm\u0131\u015f \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlara sahip olmas\u0131n\u0131n beklenmesi (Berlin-Mitte Yerel Mahkemesi, 8 Mart 2017, 15 C 364\/16, IPRax 2018, 408).<br><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Where a judicial or extrajudicial document in a civil or commercial matter is to be transmitted from one EU Member State to another for the purpose of service, the EU Service Regulation applies (\u201cRegulation (EC) No 1393\/2007 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 November 2007 on the service in the Member [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":29,"featured_media":55674,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[139],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-55673","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news-en"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.0.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Where a judicial or extrajudicial document in a civil or commercial matter is to be transmitted from one EU Member State to another for the purpose of service, the EU Service Regulation applies (\u201cRegulation (EC) No 1393\/2007 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 November 2007 on the service in the Member\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" 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