{"id":55889,"date":"2021-09-16T13:46:07","date_gmt":"2021-09-16T11:46:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nzp.de\/?p=55889"},"modified":"2026-08-14T13:48:46","modified_gmt":"2026-08-14T11:48:46","slug":"as-a-hungarian-employee-in-germany-which-countrys-employment-law-applies-to-hungarian-employees-working-there-what-should-employers-and-employees-pay-attention-to-in-such-a-situati","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.nzp.de\/tr\/almanyada-calisan-bir-macar-calisan-olarak-orada-calisan-macar-calisanlar-icin-hangi-ulkenin-is-hukuku-gecerlidir-boyle-bir-durumda-isverenler-ve-calisanlar-nelere-dikkat-etmelidir\/","title":{"rendered":"Almanya\u2019da \u00c7al\u0131\u015fan Bir Macar \u00c7al\u0131\u015fan Olarak \u2013 Orada \u00c7al\u0131\u015fan Macar \u00c7al\u0131\u015fanlar \u0130\u00e7in Hangi \u00dclkenin \u0130\u015f Hukuku Ge\u00e7erlidir? B\u00f6yle Bir Durumda \u0130\u015fverenler ve \u00c7al\u0131\u015fanlar Nelere Dikkat Etmelidir?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Uygulanabilir yasal kurallar\u0131n karma\u015f\u0131k yap\u0131s\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ba\u015fl\u0131kta sorulan soruya tek bir c\u00fcmleyle cevap vermek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. Macaristan, Almanya ve AB i\u015f hukuku aras\u0131ndaki karma\u015f\u0131k etkile\u015fim sonucunda, bir Macaristan vatanda\u015f\u0131n\u0131n Almanya\u2019da \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde \u00fc\u00e7 a\u015famal\u0131 bir d\u00fczenleyici \u00e7er\u00e7eve uygulanmaktad\u0131r. Bu makalede, s\u00f6z konusu hukuki durumu ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde ele alarak hukuki y\u00f6nlendirme arayanlara rehberlik etmeyi ama\u00e7l\u0131yoruz. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bir de\u011ferlendirme yer almaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u0130lgili Alman mevzuat\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00d6ncelikle, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da \u201cAlman hukuk kurallar\u0131\u201d ifadesini kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda bir \u201cAlman \u0130\u015f Kanunu\u201dnu kastetmedi\u011fimizi belirtmek gerekir; zira Almanya\u2019da bu ad alt\u0131nda tek bir kanun bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Tarihsel nedenlerle Alman i\u015f hukuku sistemi olduk\u00e7a par\u00e7al\u0131 bir yap\u0131ya sahiptir. Macaristan \u0130\u015f Kanunu\u2019nun aksine, ilgili kurallar tek bir kodifiye kanunda toplanmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunun yerine Almanya\u2019daki hukuki \u00e7er\u00e7evenin temelini, \u00e7e\u015fitli Alman i\u015f hukuku kanunlar\u0131 ile Alman Medeni Kanunu\u2019nun (BGB) i\u015f hukukuna ili\u015fkin h\u00fck\u00fcmleri olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u0130\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinde Macar hukuku se\u00e7ilmi\u015f olsa bile, Alman hukukunun zorunlu h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine neden uyulmas\u0131 gerekir?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bir Macaristan vatanda\u015f\u0131n\u0131n Almanya\u2019da \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde, i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinde kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan Macar hukukunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra Alman i\u015f hukukunun zorunlu h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine de uyulmas\u0131 gerekir. Bunun nedeni, Macaristan\u2019da kay\u0131tl\u0131 bir i\u015fverenin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n\u0131n i\u015fini Almanya\u2019da yerine getirmesidir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla taraflar i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinde aksini kararla\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015f olsalar dahi, bunun \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131 daha dezavantajl\u0131 bir duruma d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrece\u011fi h\u00e2llerde belirli Alman hukuk kurallar\u0131 g\u00f6z ard\u0131 edilemez.<\/p>\n

Avrupa Parlamentosu ve Konseyi\u2019nin (AT) 593\/2008 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn (Roma I) 8. maddesinin (1) ve (2) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kralar\u0131 uyar\u0131nca, i\u015fin yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fclke hukukunun \u2014 bu durumda Alman hukukunun \u2014 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131 koruyan emredici h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinden hukuk se\u00e7imi yoluyla sap\u0131lamaz. Ayn\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcm, lex loci laboris ilkesinin de bir yans\u0131mas\u0131d\u0131r. Taraflar\u0131n i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesine uygulanacak hukuku se\u00e7memi\u015f olmalar\u0131 h\u00e2linde s\u00f6zle\u015fme, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n i\u015fini s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin ifas\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda mutat olarak yerine getirdi\u011fi \u00fclkenin hukukuna tabidir. Bu yakla\u015f\u0131m, Macaristan \u0130\u015f Kanunu\u2019nun 3. maddesinin (2) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131nda yer alan kuralla da uyumludur. Hukuk se\u00e7imi yap\u0131lmam\u0131\u015fsa Macaristan \u0130\u015f Kanunu, i\u015fin mutat olarak Macaristan\u2019da yerine getirilmesi h\u00e2linde uygulan\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u0130\u015fveren, zorunlu Alman h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinden ka\u00e7\u0131nmak amac\u0131yla i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinde a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a Macar i\u015f hukukunu se\u00e7ebilir mi?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bu ba\u011flamda \u00f6ncelikle, taraflar\u0131n i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinde Alman veya Macar i\u015f hukukunu ge\u00e7erli \u015fekilde se\u00e7ebilecekleri belirtilmelidir. Ancak bu se\u00e7im \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n menfaatlerini olumsuz etkileyemez. Ba\u015fka bir ifadeyle, i\u015fin yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fclkede \u2014 bu durumda Almanya\u2019da \u2014 y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckte bulunan ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131 koruyan emredici i\u015f hukuku h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine uyulmaya devam edilmelidir. Uygulamada taraflar i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinde a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a Macar i\u015f hukukunu se\u00e7seler dahi Roma I T\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn 8. maddesi, zorunlu Alman h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinden \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan aleyhine sap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 engellemektedir. Bunun amac\u0131, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fana tan\u0131nan temel yasal g\u00fcvencelerin korunmas\u0131d\u0131r. Belirli bir konu bak\u0131m\u0131ndan hem Macar hem de Alman hukukunda emredici h\u00fck\u00fcmler bulunuyorsa, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fana daha y\u00fcksek d\u00fczeyde koruma sa\u011flayan h\u00fck\u00fcm uygulan\u0131r. Bu durum, Macaristan \u0130\u015f Kanunu\u2019nun 3. maddesinin (1) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131yla da desteklenmektedir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinde Macar i\u015f hukukunun uygulanmas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131labilir; ancak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n yasal olarak g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f haklar\u0131n\u0131 koruyan zorunlu Alman h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin uygulanmas\u0131 bu yolla bertaraf edilemez.<\/p>\n

\u00c7al\u0131\u015fan, i\u015fverenine hangi \u00fclkede dava a\u00e7abilir?<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00c7al\u0131\u015fan, i\u015fverenin y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckteki hukuk kurallar\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 davrand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorsa, genel olarak Br\u00fcksel I bis T\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fc olarak bilinen Avrupa Parlamentosu ve Konseyi\u2019nin (AB) 1215\/2012 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, dava a\u00e7\u0131labilecek yarg\u0131 yerlerine ili\u015fkin \u00f6zel kurallar \u00f6ng\u00f6rmektedir. T\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn 20 ila 23. maddeleri, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan lehine yarg\u0131 yetkisi kurallar\u0131 i\u00e7ermektedir. Bunlar asimetrik yarg\u0131 yetkisi kurallar\u0131d\u0131r ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n i\u015fverenine kar\u015f\u0131 hangi yarg\u0131 yerlerinde dava a\u00e7abilece\u011fini belirler. Macaristan-Almanya ba\u011flam\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan, hangi \u00fclkenin vatanda\u015f\u0131 oldu\u011fundan veya h\u00e2lihaz\u0131rda hangi \u00fclkede \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olarak, bir uyu\u015fmazl\u0131k durumunda ilgili ko\u015fullara g\u00f6re Almanya\u2019da veya Macaristan\u2019da dava a\u00e7abilir. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fana tan\u0131nan bu yarg\u0131 yeri se\u00e7enekleri, i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesiyle ge\u00e7erli \u015fekilde ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lamaz.<\/p>\n

\u00d6zet<\/strong><\/p>\n

Giri\u015f b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde de belirtildi\u011fi \u00fczere, bu konu \u00fc\u00e7 d\u00fczeyde d\u00fczenlenmektedir. Bu nedenle ilgili Macaristan, Almanya ve AB i\u015f hukuku kurallar\u0131n\u0131n birlikte de\u011ferlendirilmesi gerekir. Bu \u00e7ok katmanl\u0131 d\u00fczenleyici \u00e7er\u00e7eve g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, hem i\u015fverenlerin hem de \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n hukuki dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131k almalar\u0131 tavsiye edilmektedir. B\u00f6ylece sorunlar\u0131n h\u0131zl\u0131 ve maliyet etkin \u015fekilde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olabilir. \u00d6zellikle uygun \u015fekilde haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f bir i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi, uzun s\u00fcrebilecek olas\u0131 i\u015f hukuku uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesine yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla taraflar aras\u0131ndaki i\u015f ili\u015fkisinin hukuki a\u00e7\u0131dan do\u011fru \u015fekilde d\u00fczenlenmesi hem i\u015fverenin hem de \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n yarar\u0131nad\u0131r. B\u00f6yle bir ili\u015fkinin kurulmas\u0131 veya mevcut bir uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmesi konusunda yard\u0131ma ihtiya\u00e7 duyarsan\u0131z, l\u00fctfen bizimle ileti\u015fime ge\u00e7mekten \u00e7ekinmeyin.<\/p>\n

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The maze of applicable legal rules The question raised in the title cannot be answered in a single sentence. As a result of the sometimes complex interaction between Hungarian, German and EU employment law, a three-level regulatory framework applies where a Hungarian citizen chooses Germany as the place of work. In this article, we seek […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":29,"featured_media":55890,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[139],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-55889","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news-en"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t