{"id":56216,"date":"2026-09-16T10:02:59","date_gmt":"2026-09-16T08:02:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nzp.de\/?p=56216"},"modified":"2026-09-16T10:03:47","modified_gmt":"2026-09-16T08:03:47","slug":"ma-deal-essentials-why-the-real-work-often-starts-after-the-deal-is-signed-the-pre-closing-actions","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.nzp.de\/tr\/ma-deal-essentials-why-the-real-work-often-starts-after-the-deal-is-signed-the-pre-closing-actions\/","title":{"rendered":"M&amp;A \u0130\u015flemlerinin Temel Unsurlar\u0131: As\u0131l \u0130\u015f Neden \u00c7o\u011fu Zaman S\u00f6zle\u015fme \u0130mzaland\u0131ktan Sonra Ba\u015flar?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Kapan\u0131\u015f \u00d6ncesi \u0130\u015flemler<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bir\u00e7ok \u015firket sahibi i\u00e7in pay al\u0131m s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin (SPA) imzalanmas\u0131, i\u015flemin tamamland\u0131\u011f\u0131 izlenimini verir. Temel \u015fartlar \u00fczerinde anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, sat\u0131n alma bedeli belirlenmi\u015f ve aylar s\u00fcren m\u00fczakereler nihayet sona ermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bir\u00e7ok \u015firket sahibi i\u00e7in pay al\u0131m s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin (SPA) imzalanmas\u0131, i\u015flemin tamamland\u0131\u011f\u0131 izlenimini verir. Temel \u015fartlar \u00fczerinde anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, sat\u0131n alma bedeli belirlenmi\u015f ve aylar s\u00fcren m\u00fczakereler nihayet sona ermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Kapan\u0131\u015f S\u00fcreci: \u0130mza ile Kapan\u0131\u015f Aras\u0131nda Neler Olur?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">D\u0131\u015far\u0131dan bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda imza ile kapan\u0131\u015f aras\u0131ndaki d\u00f6nem yaln\u0131zca usuli i\u015flemlerden ibaret g\u00f6r\u00fcnebilir. Uygulamada ise e\u015f zamanl\u0131 ilerleyen ve ayn\u0131 anda sonu\u00e7land\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken bir\u00e7ok s\u00fcre\u00e7 bulunur.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Devam eden i\u015flemlerde s\u0131kl\u0131kla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z \u00f6rnekler \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>bankalar\u0131n bilgilendirilmesi, gerekli m\u00fczakerelerin y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesi ve ilgili y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerin resmen sona erdirilmesi,<\/li>\n<li>\u00f6nemli m\u00fc\u015fterilerden kontrol de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi haklar\u0131ndan feragat etmelerinin sa\u011flanmas\u0131,<\/li>\n<li>pay sahibi kredilerinin sona erdirilmesi ve mali a\u00e7\u0131dan tasfiye edilmesi,<\/li>\n<li>m\u00fclkiyet devri ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmeden \u00f6nce do\u011fmu\u015f vergi beyan y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerinin yerine getirilmesi,<\/li>\n<li>kapan\u0131\u015f i\u00e7in gerekli belge setlerinin haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131 ve imzalanmas\u0131.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bunlar\u0131n hi\u00e7biri kendili\u011finden ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmez. Her i\u015flemin bir sorumlusu, takvimi ve di\u011fer taraflara ba\u011fl\u0131 a\u015famalar\u0131 vard\u0131r. M\u00fcvekkillerin \u00e7o\u011fu zaman g\u00f6zden ka\u00e7\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 husus, \u201ck\u0131sa\u201d bir ge\u00e7i\u015f d\u00f6neminin avukatlar, bankalar, \u015firket y\u00f6netimi ve di\u011fer taraflar aras\u0131nda ne kadar h\u0131zl\u0131 kapsaml\u0131 bir koordinasyon s\u00fcrecine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015febildi\u011fidir.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Banka Onaylar\u0131 ve Bor\u00e7lar\u0131n Geri \u00d6denmesi: S\u0131k Kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lan Gecikme Nedenleri<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Finansman i\u00e7eren i\u015flemlerde takvim \u00e7o\u011fu zaman yaln\u0131zca taraflar\u0131n kontrol\u00fcnde de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0130mza ile kapan\u0131\u015f aras\u0131nda mevcut banka bor\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n genellikle:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>tamamen geri \u00f6denmesi,<\/li>\n<li>ilgili teminat ve y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerin resmen kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 veya<\/li>\n<li>kontrol de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi nedeniyle gerekli banka onaylar\u0131n\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bu i\u015flemler ilk bak\u0131\u015fta basit g\u00f6r\u00fcnebilir. Uygulamada ise geri \u00f6deme tutarlar\u0131n\u0131n belirlenmesi, bor\u00e7 ve teminatlar\u0131n sona erdirilmesine ili\u015fkin belgelerin haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131 ve teminat haklar\u0131n\u0131n usul\u00fcne uygun \u015fekilde kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekir. \u00dcstelik bu s\u00fcre\u00e7 bazen i\u015flemin do\u011frudan taraf\u0131 olmayan ancak sonu\u00e7 \u00fczerinde belirleyici konumda bulunan finans kurulu\u015flar\u0131yla y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcl\u00fcr. \u0130yi haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f i\u015flemlerin dahi bu a\u015famada yava\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131kl\u0131kla g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. Bunun temel nedeni, bankalar\u0131n kendi i\u015flem takvimlerine g\u00f6re hareket etmesidir.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>\u0130mza ile Kapan\u0131\u015f Aras\u0131nda \u015eirket Faaliyetleri<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bir di\u011fer yayg\u0131n yan\u0131lg\u0131, \u015firketin kapan\u0131\u015fa kadar hi\u00e7bir de\u011fi\u015fiklik olmadan ola\u011fan faaliyetlerine devam edece\u011fidir.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hukuken faaliyetler devam eder; ancak belirli s\u0131n\u0131rlamalara tabidir. Sat\u0131c\u0131lar, imzadan sonra genellikle \u015firket faaliyetlerini \u201cola\u011fan i\u015f ak\u0131\u015f\u0131\u201d (ordinary course) i\u00e7inde s\u00fcrd\u00fcrme y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc alt\u0131ndad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bu kapsamda:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>onay al\u0131nmadan \u00f6nemli yat\u0131r\u0131mlar yap\u0131lamamas\u0131,<\/li>\n<li>yeni finansman d\u00fczenlemelerine girilememesi,<\/li>\n<li>\u00f6nemli s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerde veya y\u00f6netim yap\u0131s\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fiklik yap\u0131lamamas\u0131 gibi s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k \u015firketin faaliyetlerini eksiksiz s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmesi ve ticari istikrar\u0131n\u0131 korumas\u0131 gerekir. Bu durum y\u00f6netim ekipleri a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan somut bir denge gerektirir: \u015eirket, i\u015flem nedeniyle getirilen s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar alt\u0131nda faaliyet g\u00f6sterirken ticari performans\u0131n\u0131 da korumal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Kapan\u0131\u015f Belgeleri: \u0130mzadan Sonra Evrak \u0130\u015fleri Neden Devam Eder?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u00fcvekkiller \u00e7o\u011fu zaman SPA imzaland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda belge haz\u0131rlama s\u00fcrecinin b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde tamamland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr. Uygulamada ise yaln\u0131zca odak noktas\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fir.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kapan\u0131\u015f \u00f6ncesi d\u00f6nemde genellikle:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>kredi verenlerle geri \u00f6deme ve teminat kald\u0131rma s\u00f6zle\u015fmeleri haz\u0131rlan\u0131r,<\/li>\n<li>grup i\u00e7i d\u00fczenlemelerin sona erdirilmesine ili\u015fkin s\u00f6zle\u015fmeler imzalan\u0131r,<\/li>\n<li>yaln\u0131zca kapan\u0131\u015f an\u0131nda h\u00fck\u00fcm do\u011furacak pay sahibi kararlar\u0131 haz\u0131rlan\u0131r,<\/li>\n<li>\u015firketten herhangi bir de\u011fer \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131 (leakage) olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 teyit eden belgeler toplan\u0131r,<\/li>\n<li>ayn\u0131 anda ve birbiriyle uyumlu \u015fekilde sonu\u00e7 do\u011furmas\u0131 gereken t\u00fcm kapan\u0131\u015f belgeleri bir araya getirilir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bu a\u015famada m\u00fczakereden \u00e7ok hassasiyet ve koordinasyon \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131r. Her belgenin hem SPA hem de di\u011fer kapan\u0131\u015f belgeleriyle uyumlu olmas\u0131 gerekir. Bu a\u015famadaki gecikmeler \u00e7o\u011fu zaman hukuki karma\u015f\u0131kl\u0131ktan de\u011fil; koordinasyon eksikli\u011finden, eksik bilgilerden veya zamanlama uyumsuzluklar\u0131ndan kaynaklan\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>\u0130\u015flem Takvimi: Kapan\u0131\u015f Tarihleri Neden De\u011fi\u015fir?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0130mza a\u015famas\u0131nda genellikle hedeflenen bir kapan\u0131\u015f tarihi belirlenir. K\u00e2\u011f\u0131t \u00fczerinde bu tarih rahatl\u0131kla ula\u015f\u0131labilir g\u00f6r\u00fcnebilir.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ancak uygulamada takvim olduk\u00e7a hassast\u0131r:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>tek bir onay\u0131n gecikmesi t\u00fcm s\u00fcreci \u00f6teleyebilir,<\/li>\n<li>imzalanmam\u0131\u015f tek bir belge kapan\u0131\u015f i\u015flemlerini durdurabilir,<\/li>\n<li>\u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlenmemi\u015f tek bir banka meselesi t\u00fcm \u00f6demeleri etkileyebilir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">S\u00fcre\u00e7 ancak b\u00fct\u00fcn unsurlar ayn\u0131 anda tamamland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda i\u015fler. Bu nedenle imza ile kapan\u0131\u015f aras\u0131ndaki d\u00f6nem s\u00fcrekli takip ve aktif y\u00f6netim gerektirir.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>\u0130mza Sonras\u0131 \u0130\u015flem Riski: Kapan\u0131\u015fa Kadar De\u011ferin Korunmas\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">En \u00f6nemli hususlardan biri \u015fudur: \u0130\u015flem, SPA\u2019n\u0131n imzalanmas\u0131yla ekonomik a\u00e7\u0131dan tamamlanm\u0131\u015f olmaz.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kapan\u0131\u015f ger\u00e7ekle\u015fene kadar:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>m\u00fclkiyet devredilmemi\u015ftir,<\/li>\n<li>sat\u0131n alma bedeli \u00f6denmemi\u015ftir,<\/li>\n<li>temel riskler \u00f6nceki taraflar\u0131n \u00fczerinde kalmaya devam eder.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bu nedenle SPA\u2019lar genellikle ara d\u00f6neme ili\u015fkin ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 koruma h\u00fck\u00fcmleri i\u00e7erir. Bunlar aras\u0131nda \u015firketten de\u011fer \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 (leakage) \u00f6nleyen kurallar veya kapan\u0131\u015ftan k\u0131sa s\u00fcre \u00f6nce belirli hususlar\u0131n yeniden teyit edilmesini \u00f6ng\u00f6ren h\u00fck\u00fcmler bulunur. Uygulama a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bu d\u00f6nem, i\u015flemin de\u011ferinin etkin bi\u00e7imde korundu\u011fu veya \u00f6nlenebilir risklere a\u00e7\u0131k h\u00e2le geldi\u011fi a\u015famad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Kapan\u0131\u015f\u0131n Ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesi: \u0130mzalanm\u0131\u015f Bir SPA\u2019n\u0131n Tamamlanm\u0131\u015f Bir \u0130\u015fleme D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesi<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Uygulamada s\u00fcre\u00e7 SPA\u2019n\u0131n imzalanmas\u0131yla sona ermez. \u0130\u015flemin kontroll\u00fc ve koordineli bi\u00e7imde kapan\u0131\u015fa ula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 da en az s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin m\u00fczakere edilmesi kadar \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0130mza ile kapan\u0131\u015f aras\u0131ndaki d\u00f6nem bir formalite de\u011fildir. Bu a\u015famada:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>taahh\u00fctler fiilen yerine getirilir,<\/li>\n<li>\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc taraflar i\u015flemin ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan kritik h\u00e2le gelir,<\/li>\n<li>zaman bask\u0131s\u0131 somutla\u015f\u0131r,<\/li>\n<li>i\u015flemin ekonomik de\u011feri korunur veya kaybedilir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u015eirketler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan sonu\u00e7 a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r: \u0130mza bir d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktas\u0131d\u0131r, i\u015flemin sonu de\u011fildir. Sorunsuz tamamlanan M&amp;A i\u015flemleri, bu ara d\u00f6nemin k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcmsenmedi\u011fi ve aktif bi\u00e7imde y\u00f6netildi\u011fi i\u015flemlerdir.<\/p>\n<div style=\"position: absolute; width: 1px; height: 1px; margin: -1px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; overflow: hidden; clip: rect(0px, 0px, 0px, 0px); clip-path: inset(50%); white-space: nowrap;\" role=\"status\" aria-live=\"polite\" aria-atomic=\"true\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"position: absolute; width: 1px; height: 1px; margin: -1px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; overflow: hidden; clip: rect(0px, 0px, 0px, 0px); clip-path: inset(50%); white-space: nowrap;\" role=\"alert\" aria-live=\"assertive\" aria-atomic=\"true\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"position: absolute; width: 1px; height: 1px; margin: -1px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; overflow: hidden; clip: rect(0px, 0px, 0px, 0px); clip-path: inset(50%); white-space: nowrap;\" role=\"status\" aria-live=\"polite\" aria-atomic=\"true\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"position: absolute; width: 1px; height: 1px; margin: -1px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; overflow: hidden; clip: rect(0px, 0px, 0px, 0px); clip-path: inset(50%); white-space: nowrap;\" role=\"alert\" aria-live=\"assertive\" aria-atomic=\"true\"><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Pre-Closing Actions For many business owners, signing the share purchase agreement (SPA) feels like the finish line. The key terms are agreed, the purchase price is fixed, and months of negotiations finally come to an end. In reality, signing is often where the operational complexity begins. The period between signing and closing is not [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":29,"featured_media":56217,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[139],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-56216","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news-en"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.0.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The Pre-Closing Actions For many business owners, signing the share purchase agreement (SPA) feels like the finish line. The key terms are agreed, the purchase price is fixed, and months of negotiations finally come to an end. 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