What cannot be enforced in the United Arab Emirates, and why is it worth thinking in terms of legal strategy even before the foreign proceedings begin?

The fact that a foreign judgment has become final does not guarantee that it will ever actually turn into money in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Although the UAE has become an enforcement-friendly jurisdiction in recent years, enforcement remains substantively and strictly selective. There are numerous final decisions that the UAE courts will not enforce, […]

The Castro Indictment: Charges, Jurisdiction, and the Limits of State Immunity

The superseding indictment filed in 2026 in connection with the 1996 shootdown of Brothers to the Rescue (BTTR) aircraft is a rare and complex example of the United States seeking to impose criminal liability for acts committed entirely outside its own territory. BTTR is an activist nonprofit organization founded by Cuban exiles and based in […]